辛亥革命前后的阶级言说  

Retrospective Analysis of Social Class Categorization and Debating around the 1911 Revolution in China

作　　者：罗福惠[1] LUO Fu-hui

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期76-89,F0003,共15页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：20世纪初年,由于马克思主义、社会学和无政府主义的传入,现代意义的阶级观念与中国传统的表示等级身份的阶级概念相互渗透,由此产生了同盟会诸人与梁启超围绕如何看待“地主—佃农”、“资本家—劳动者”关系的争论,也出现了对阶级再生产、职业与阶级的关系的最早探讨和无政府主义的阶级废灭论。辛亥革命之后,由于举国对官僚、军阀统治的不满,二十一条和巴黎和会造成的民族危机,十月革命和列宁主义的影响,使得国民革命和阶级斗争思想形成共情,打倒列强、消灭军阀官僚成为革命的共同目标。辛亥革命前后中国人的阶级认知经历了第一个发展阶段,为此后马克思主义阶级观进一步产生影响奠定了基础。In the early years of the 20th century, due to the introduction of Marxism, sociology and anarchism, the class concept in modern sense penetrated into the traditional class concept expressing hierarchical identity in China, resulting in the debate between the members of the alliance and Liang Qichao on how to treat the relationship between “landlord tenant farmer” and ’capitalist laborer‘, as well as the debate on class reproduction. The earliest discussion on the relationship was between occupation and class and the anarchic theory of class abolition. After the revolution of 1911, due to the dissatisfaction of the whole country with the rule of bureaucrats and warlords, the national crisis was caused by the 21st article and Paris peace, and the influence of the October Revolution and Leninism, the national revolution and the thought of class struggle having formed a common feeling, so as to defeat the great powers and eliminate warlord bureaucrats as the common goal of the revolution. The first two decades of the 20th century was the first stage of the history of Chinese class cognition.

关 键 词：辛亥革命 社会主义 马克思主义 阶级观 中国共产党 

分 类 号：K103[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—世界史]