古代谣谚的文体特征  

Study of Stylistic Features of Ancient Chinese Ballads and Proverbs

作　　者：郭康松[1] 黄晔 GUO Kang-song;HUANG Ye

机构地区：[1]湖北大学文学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期120-131,F0003,共13页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“清代御制文献与国家治理研究”(18BZS078)。

摘　　要：早期歌谣与谚语是两种各自相对独立的文体,汉代以后二者不断交叉,渐至没有严格的区分,形成文学史上最古老的文体之一。谣谚文体属性是一种民间口头文学,具有民间性、口头性和集体性的特征。与民间性、口头性和集体性的属性特征相适应,谣谚在艺术上具有篇幅短小、韵律和谐的特征。篇幅短小一是句式短,以四言、五言为主;二是句数不多,以一句、两句为主。谣谚属于韵文文学,讲究韵律,节奏明快,可以合乐而歌、载歌载舞和讽诵咏叹。谣谚的功能特征可概括为谶示神谕与预示吉凶、记录民俗与反映民情、总结经验与传授知识、歌颂善政与批判虐政、施行教化与批评恶俗等。谣谚的属性特征、艺术特征和功能特征是谣谚区别于其他文体的重要标志,这些特征从谣谚产生之初就已具备,一直延续至今。Early ballads and proverbs are two relatively independent styles. After the Han Dynasty, the two gradually merged without strict distinction, one of the oldest styles in literary history. The stylistic attribute of ballads and proverbs is a kind of literature with the folk, oral and collective characteristics. Furthermore, ballads and proverbs are terse and rhythmic. Being terse means a shorter style, mainly four or five words, and fewer sentence mainly one or two. Ballads and proverbs belong to verse literature, focus on rhymes and rhythm, sing to the music, and dance to the recital. Their functional characteristics is to prophesize and predict good and evil, record folk customs and reflect people s feelings, summarize experience and impart knowledge, praise good administration and criticize political abuse, educate and criticize evil customs, etc. The attributes, artistic characteristics and functional characteristics of ballads and proverbs are important signs of ballads and proverbs different from other styles. These heritages have been passed down.

关 键 词：古代谣谚 文体特征 民间文学 韵文文学 社会功能 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]