盐碱胁迫和干旱胁迫对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Saline-alkali Stress and Drought Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.

作　　者：苏银玲[1] 李易蓉[1] 木万福[1] 吕维梧[1] 杨子祥[1] SU Yinling;LI Yirong;MU Wanfu;Lü Weiwu;YANG Zixiang(Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou 651300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所/元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《蔬菜》2022年第3期21-27,共7页Vegetables

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系(CARS-14-20190421);乡村振兴科技专项(202004BK091535)。

摘　　要：通过研究盐碱胁迫和干旱胁迫对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以期为抗性品种选育提供理论依据。采用培养皿滤纸培养法通过不同配比的NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4)、NaHCO_(3)和Na_(2)CO_(3)对紫苏种子进行盐碱胁迫模拟,不同浓度聚乙二醇和甘露醇进行干旱胁迫模拟,结果表明:紫苏种子的发芽率和发芽势均随盐胁迫和干旱胁迫程度增加而降低;3种盐处理对种子胁迫的强弱顺序为碱性混合盐(NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4)、NaHCO_(3)、Na_(2)CO_(3)浓度比为5:23:9:3)>中性混合盐(NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4)浓度比为1:2)>中性单盐(NaCl);干旱胁迫推迟了种子的起始发芽时间,抑制了种子发芽。3种盐胁迫和2种干旱胁迫处理均抑制了紫苏幼苗生长,处理浓度越高,其抑制作用越强。在紫苏育苗过程中,应避开盐碱地块,并注意及时补充水分。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant cultivars,the effects of saline-alkali stress and drought stress on seed germination and seedlings growth of P.frutescens (L.) britt.were studied.The seeds of P.frutescens (L.) britt.were cultured by petri dish filter paper method and simulated by four kinds of salt (NaCl,Na_(2)SO_(4),NaHCO_(3) and Na_(2)CO_(3) in different proportions) as saline-alkali stress,and simulated by PEG and mannitol in different concentrations as drought stress.The results showed that the germination percentage and germination potential of P.frutescens (L.) britt.seeds decreased with the increase of salt stress and drought stress.The order of the three kinds of salt treatments to seed stress was alkaline mixed salt (molar concentration ratio of NaCl,Na_(2)SO_(4),NaHCO_(3),Na_(2)CO_(3) was 5︰23︰9︰3)>neutral mixed salt(molar concentration ratio of NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4 )was 1︰2)>neutral single salt(NaCl).The seed germination was delayed and inhibited by drought stress.The growth of P.frutescens (L.) seedlings were all inhibited by three kinds of saline-alkali stress and two kinds of drought stress.The higher the treatment concentration,the stronger the inhibition.In the process of P.frutescens (L.) britt.seedling,saline-alkali plots should be avoided and water should be added in time.

关 键 词：盐碱胁迫 干旱胁迫 紫苏 种子 萌发 幼苗 

分 类 号：S649[农业科学—蔬菜学]