劳动者个人信息处理中同意的适用与限制  

The Application and Limitation of Consent in the Processing of Employees’Personal Information

作　　者：吴文芳[1] Wu Wenfang

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2022年第1期221-243,共23页China Legal Science

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金一般项目“算法规制中的劳动者权益保障机制研究”(项目批准号:21BFX128)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：劳动者个人信息处理中同意的内在困境比其他社会关系都更为鲜明。应打破劳动法、民法与个人信息保护法的理论藩篱,重视对劳动者同意的适用及体系性限制。劳动者信息处理的合法性来源存在两种替代个人同意的适用,分别为"订立或履行合同所必需"的默示同意及以集体合同或劳动规章制度为载体的集体合意。为促进信息利用,应允许雇主在超越"订立或履行劳动合同所必需"时,以劳动者明示同意作为信息处理的合法性来源。无论同意的性质为默示同意、集体合意或明示同意,均应强调对同意自治性的审查,利用"目的限制"与比例原则,丰富"合法、正当、必要"体系性限制的内涵,平衡劳动者个人信息权益保护与信息利用,从而纾解劳动关系下同意的困境。The internal dilemma of’consent’in the protection of employees’personal information is more distinct than other social relations,which requires breaking the theoretical barriers between the labor law,the civil law,and the personal data protection law,and emphasis on systemic restrictions and the application of‘consent’to employees.There are two alternatives to the application of individual‘consent’as a source of legitimacy for processing employees’information which is as follows respectively:implied consent which is‘necessary for concluding or performing employ contracts’,and collective consensus which is carried out through collective agreements or employment rules.In order to enhance the utilization of personal data,employers should be allowed to use the express consent of employees as a source of legitimacy for the processing of information beyond what is‘necessary for the conclusion or performance of the employment contract’.Regardless of whether the consent is implied,collective consensus,or express consent,the review of the autonomy of consent shall be emphasized,the‘purpose limitation’and the principle of proportionality shall be used to balance the protection of employees’personal information rights and interests and the use of information.Therefore,the systemic restriction of‘legal,legitimate and necessary’could be enriched to alleviate the dilemma of‘consent’in employment relations.

关 键 词：劳动者个人信息 同意 体系性限制 审查要素 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学] D923