低成本改进一种简易测定水的汽化热实验装置  

An improvement of experiment device for measuring vaporization heat of water at low cost

作　　者：李金英[1] 刘霜 王萌 杨雨馨 LI Jin-ying;LIU Shuang;WANG Meng;YANG Yu-xin(College of Physics,Jilin Normal University,Siping,Jilin 136000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学物理学院,吉林四平136000

出　　处：《大学物理》2022年第3期23-26,共4页College Physics

基　　金：吉林省教育厅项目(JJKH202000419KJ)资助。

摘　　要：针对大学物理实验手动测定水的汽化热装置存在蒸汽冷凝严重、冷凝水混入量热器、蒸汽温度测量不准确从而导致较大系统误差、影响实验教学效果的问题,本文对实验装置结构进行了适当改进,通过自制四口瓶蒸汽过滤器代替传统简易蒸汽过滤器,对实际蒸汽温度进行了测定,从而降低了系统误差;通过在蒸汽输气管上加装可调温电热加热套,减少了水蒸气冷凝对实验结果的影响.实验结果表明,该改进装置稳定可靠、成本低且测定精度高,可以使测量结果与公认值的相对偏差从未改进前的10.4%降低到3%以内.The teaching efficiency of college physics experiment is affected due to the large systematic errors in the manually measuring system of water vaporization heat,since the steam condensed severely,the condensate water mixed into the calorimeter and the steam temperature is difficult to be measured accurately.In this paper,the structure of the experimental device is improved.A steam filter with four orifices bulb is selected instead of the traditional steam filter,and the actual steam temperature is measured in it.An electric heating sleeve with adjustable temperature is installed on steam pipe which can prevent vapor condensation.The systematic errors are reduced.The experimental results have shown that the improved device is stable and reliable with low cost and high measurement accuracy.The relative deviation between the measured results and the accepted value can become less than 3%instead of 10.4%before the improvement.

关 键 词：汽化热 四口瓶蒸汽过滤器 冷凝水 装置改进 

分 类 号：O551.3[理学—热学与物质分子运动论]