三孩政策下低龄孙子女数量对祖父母心理福利的影响——家庭资源代际分配的作用  

How Does the Number of Young Grandchildren Affect Grandparents’ Psychological Well-being Under the Three-child Policy in China:The Mediating Effect of Inter-generational Allocation of Family Resources

作　　者：刘慧君[1] 王惠 LIU Huijun;WANG Hui(School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an Shaanxi,710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《人口学刊》2022年第2期57-71,共15页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目:新时期我国健康老龄化服务体系优化研究(21ZDA103)。

摘　　要："全面三孩"政策的实施不仅将改变家庭规模与结构,还可能通过调整家庭资源的代际分配进一步影响祖父母的心理福利。文章利用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,通过回归模型分析低龄孙子女数量与祖父母心理福利的关系,检验家庭资源代际分配的中介作用。结果表明:拥有更多孙子女的祖父母生活满意度更高,但是低龄孙子女数量的增加会降低祖父母的心理福利,表现为更低的生活满意度和更高的抑郁水平,而且这种影响在有2个及以上低龄孙子女的祖父母中尤为明显;中介分析结果表明低龄孙子女数量的增加会通过稀释和挤占祖父母获得的子女情感支持、增加祖父母照料孙辈的时间而提升祖父母的抑郁度,也会通过增加祖父母获得的子女经济支持提升祖父母的生活满意度;异质性分析发现低龄孙子女数量的增加对农村、男性、60岁及以上的祖父母生活满意度的负面影响更明显,会更显著提升城市、男性的祖父母抑郁水平。全面三孩政策下,需要重视家庭福利和老年福利政策制定,缓解祖父母的照料压力并发挥子女代际支持的重要作用,实现家庭养老和育幼的功能,助力家庭资源的代际互惠、互助和共赢。The three-child policy will not only change the size and structure of the family,but also further affect the psychological well-being of grandparents by adjusting the inter-generational allocation of family resource. Using data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2018,this paper analyzes the impact of the number of young grandchildren on Chinese grandparents’ psychological well-being,and explores the mediating effect of inter-generational allocation of family resource. The results show that grandparents with more young grandchildren have lower psychological well-being,which is reflected in a lower level of life satisfaction and more depressive symptoms. This association is more pronounced among those having two or more young grandchildren. The mediation analysis indicates that the increase in the number of young grandchildren will lead to more depressive symptoms of grandparents by diluting and squeezing the inter-generational emotional support and increasing their caring time for grandchildren,and also improve grandparents’ life satisfaction by receiving more economic support from their children. Heterogeneity tests suggest that the increase in the number of young grandchildren has a significant impact on life satisfaction among rural elderly,male elderly and grandparents aged 60 and above,and will significantly increase the risk of depressive symptoms of urban elderly and male elderly.The research findings bring some implications for the family and elderly welfare policy under the threechild policy in China.

关 键 词：低龄孙子女 祖父母 心理福利 家庭资源 代际分配 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]