明教、弥勒信仰与明玉珍  

The Religion of Light,Maitreya Teaching and Ming Yuzhen

作　　者：马小鹤[1] 孙喦 Xiaohe Ma;Yan Sun

机构地区：[1]哈佛燕京图书馆 [2]中国作家协会

出　　处：《天禄论丛》2021年第1期79-91,共13页Journal of Society for Chinese Studies Librarians

摘　　要：根据近年来发现的敦煌文书《佛性经》、福建明教文书,以及日本所藏摩尼教绘画,可论证摩尼教与弥勒信仰有联系,但两者截然不同,从未融合。元末红巾军领袖之一、大夏国皇帝明玉珍(1331—1366)并未因信奉明教而改姓明。他忠于红巾军领袖、弥勒化身徐寿辉,在大夏“令民间持弥勒佛号”,实与明教无关。明玉珍墓碑只字未提明教,其墓葬出土的日月三星幡画并非明教绘画,其墓葬中未见冠履和裤袜应与裸葬无关。这些事实均证实明玉珍并非明教徒。Mainly based on Dunhuang manuscript Scripture of Buddha-nature,the documents of the Religion of Light of Fujian,and the Manichean painting collected in Japan discovered in recent years,demonstrates that the Manichaeism and the Maitreya Teaching were connected,but they were completely different and never merged.Ming Yuzhen(1331-1366),one of the leaders of the Red Turban Rebellion at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and emperor of Great Xia,did not change his surname to Ming(means“light”)because he believed in the Religion of Light.He was loyal to Xu Shouhui,the leader of the Red Turban Rebellion and the incarnation of Maitreya, and “let the people chant the name of Maitreya Buddha” in the Great Xia, this was not related to the Religion of Light;but this was in sharp contrast to Zhu Yuanzhang’s suppression of the Maitreya Teaching and the Religion of Light after he gained power. Ming Yuzhen’s epitaph did not mention the Religion of Light, the funeral banner painting with sun, moon, and three stars unearthed from his tomb is not a painting of the Religion of Light, and no discovery of crown and shoes in his tomb should have nothing to do with naked burial. These facts all confirm that Ming Yuzhen was not a Manichean.

关 键 词：明教 弥勒信仰 福建明教文书 摩尼教绘画 明玉珍 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]