高山区雪堆储雪的实验和模拟计算  

Experiment and numerical simulation of snow storage in alpine region

作　　者：王兴 王飞腾 任贾文 秦大河 WANG Xing;WANG Feiteng;REN Jiawen;QIN Dahe(State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2021年第6期1617-1627,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-323);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20060201);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0201)资助。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变暖,滑雪运动呈现出对气候变化高度的敏感性和依赖性,各地滑雪季将不同程度地缩短。储雪作为一种应对气候变化的方法在雪务保障中逐渐得到研究和应用。在新疆阿勒泰地区吉木乃县开展储雪实验,应用谐波反应法研究了雪堆融化量与外界空气温度、太阳辐射和绝热保温结构热学性能之间的定量关系。实验中,覆盖两层绝热保温材料雪堆1的平均融化量为18.0kg·d^(-1)(相当于初始质量的0.85%),未覆盖绝热保温材料雪堆2的平均融化量为120.8kg·d^(-1)(相当于初始质量的6.67%)。模拟期间观测到的雪堆1质量减少了1438.0kg,对应的模拟值为1520.8kg。谐波反应法可以为评价绝热保温结构的热学性能和提前确定储雪量提供重要的参考依据。由于许多物理过程都未考虑,导致模拟的雪堆融化量与实际融化量之间存在不确定性。雪堆所用绝热保温结构的性能可以用反射率、总传热系数、衰减度和延迟时间来衡量。With global warming,skiing sports show sensitivity and dependence on climate change;the skiing season will be shortened to different degrees worldwide.As a coping method,snow storage has been gradually studied and applied in the skiing industry.In this paper,a snow storage experiment was carried out in Jiminay County(47°08′N,85°35′E,2915 m a.s.l.),Altay,Xinjiang in May 2019.The harmonic response method studied the quantitative relationship between the amount of snowpack melting,external air temperature,solar radiation,and thermal properties of the insulation structure.The average melting rate of Snowpack 1 with two layers insulating materials was 18.0 kg·d^(-1)(equal to 0.85%of the initial weight).In contrast,the average melting rate of Snowpack 2 without insulating material was 120.8 kg·d^(-1)(equal to 6.67%of the initial weight).Glass wool blanket and aluminum foil reflective film on the upper surface of Snowpack 1 can effectively reduce the amount of snowpack melting.The external air temperature and solar radiation have good periodic variation;the 12 order Fourier series can simulate the change of solar and external air temperature.The weight of Snowpack 1 observed decreased by 1438.0 kg,and the corresponding simulated value was 1520.8 kg.The harmonic response method can provide momentous significance for evaluating the performance of the thermal insulation structure and determining the amount of snow storage in advance.Because many physical processes are not considered,there is still uncertainty between the amount of simulated melting and the amount of actual melting.The performance of thermal insulation structures used in snow storage can be measured by reflectivity,total heat transfer coefficient,amplitude decrement and time lag.

关 键 词：储雪 综合空气温度 绝热保温结构 谐波反应法 

分 类 号：TU761.12[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]