浅埋滴灌深度和种植密度对蓖麻产量的影响  

Effects of Shallow Drip Irrigation Depth and Planting Density on Castor Yield

作　　者：齐金全 李晓娜 朱雪倩 乔文杰 韩雯毓[1,4] 贾娟霞 韩新奇 孙晓梅[1] 陈德飞 刘杨 何智彪 QI Jinquan;LI Xiaona;ZHU Xueqian;QIAO Wenjie;HAN Wengyu;JIA Juanxia;HAN Xinqi;SUN Xiaomei;CHEN Defei;LIU Yang;HE Zhibiao(Tongliao Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science,Tongliao 028015,China;Tongliao Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Tongliao 028000,China;Tongliao Municipal Forestry and Management Bureau,ongliao 028000,China;College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities/Castor Industry Engineering and Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]通辽市农牧科学研究所,内蒙古通辽028015 [2]通辽市农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]通辽市园林管理局,内蒙古通辽028000 [4]内蒙古民族大学生命科学与食品学院/蓖麻育种国家民委重点实验室,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第3期371-377,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(ZY20200449);内蒙古农牧业青年创新基金项目(2021QNJJNO2);蓖麻育种国家民委重点实验室开放基金项目(MDK2021005)。

摘　　要：为了探究蓖麻节水高产、节本增效的生产实用技术,试验以矮秆蓖麻杂交种通蓖16号、通蓖18号为材料,采用浅埋滴灌深度为主区、品种为副区、种植密度为裂区的再裂区试验设计方法,研究了浅埋滴灌深度和种植密度对矮秆蓖麻产量的影响。结果表明,不同深度的浅埋滴灌种植方式间、品种间、种植密度间、品种与种植密度间的籽粒产量均达到了极显著差异;滴灌管埋在土壤中的籽粒产量比裸露地表的高,埋深浅一点的籽粒产量比深埋的产量高,滴灌管埋深为3 cm的蓖麻籽粒产量最高。在浅埋滴灌管埋深为3 cm时、行距为75 cm下,通蓖16号、通蓖18号籽粒产量均随种植株距的增加呈现先增加而后减小的变化趋势,在种植株距为50~60 cm时2个品种的籽粒产量出现峰顶;利用回归方程拟合得出,当通蓖16号种植株距为58.32 cm时,籽粒产量最高,为3 735.80 kg/hm^(2);当通蓖18号种植株距为56.20 cm时,籽粒产量最高,为3 135.96 kg/hm^(2)。采用浅埋滴灌种植增产可达15%~25%,且减少了整地的筑埂、浇地作业等生产环节,经济效益、生态效益显著,尤其是在无法浇灌的坡地上采用浅埋滴灌种植蓖麻增产效果更为显著。In order to explore the water-saving, high-yield, cost-saving,and efficiency-increasing technology in production and practice, in this study, dwarf castor hybrids of Tongbi 16 and Tongbi 18 were taken as materials tested, the test design was applyed using shallow drip irrigation as the main area, the variety as the sub-area, and the planting density as the split area. The effect of shallow drip irrigation depth and planting density on the yield of dwarf castor was researched. The results showed that the grain yields of different depths of shallow drip irrigation had extremely significant differences among planting methods,varieties, planting densities, and varieties and planting densities. The grain yield of drip irrigation pipes buried in the soil was higher than that in the bare surface, and the yield of grains buried in a shallower depth was higher than that of deep burial, and the yield of castor bean seeds with 3 cm of depth of a drip irrigation pipe was the highest. When the depth of shallow drip irrigation pipe was 3 cm and the row spacing was 75 cm, with increase of plant spacing, the gain yield of Tongbi 16 and Tongbi 18 increased first and then decreased. The grain yields of the two varieties were the highest when the plant spacing was 50-60 cm.By regression equation, when the plant spacing of Tongbi 16 was 58.32 cm, it had the highest grain yield of 3 735.80 kg/hm^(2),and when the plant spacing of Tongbi 18 was 56.20 cm, it had the highest grain yield of 3 135.96 kg/hm^(2). By planting with shallow drip irrigation, yield was increased by 15%-25%, the production links such as ridge building and watering of land preparation were reduced, therefore, the economic and ecological benefits were significant. Especially, yield increase of castor was more signifcant when shallow drip irrigation was applied on the slopes that could not be irrigated.

关 键 词：矮秆蓖麻 浅埋滴灌 种植密度 产量 

分 类 号：S565.6[农业科学—作物学]