山西省玉米品种抗矮花叶病鉴定及蚜虫传播分析  

Identification of Maize Variety Resistance to Dwarf Mosaic Disease and Analysis of Aphid Transmission in Shanxi Province

作　　者：杨帆 谢咸升 张作刚[1] YANG Fan;XIE Xiansheng;ZHANG Zuogang(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第3期409-418,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西玉米品种抗病性鉴定专项资金项目(2011HX26);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018045);山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D211001-1)。

摘　　要：近年来,矮花叶病发生趋势又有所上升,为强化对玉米矮花叶病的预防措施,寻找高效防治矮花叶病毒的手段,研究基于抗性鉴定设计盆栽与田间试验,利用RT-PCR与dot-ELISA技术检测病毒侵染情况,并分析蚜虫在不同条件下对甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)的传播能力。结果表明,370份玉米品种中未发现高抗资源,仅有3份玉米品种鉴定为抗玉米矮花叶病;蚜虫及其取食叶片RT-PCR检测结果显示,冬前蚜虫口针中检测到较高含量病毒RNA,越冬前有助于病毒在环境中储存,春季蚜虫口针可以检测到微量病毒,且其取食的叶片可以检测到较多病毒,表明春季蚜虫已从环境中重新获毒,并具备传播该病毒的能力;盆栽试验表明,矮花叶病的传播效率由4月起随时间推移递增,直至8月增量达到显著水平;田间病株基数未显著影响传毒效率。研究证明,SCMV可以极低含量贮藏在玉米种子内越冬,种子萌发后随幼苗发育进行复制增殖;初侵染源形成后,SCMV借助蚜虫取食在田间大面积传播发病;除带毒种子萌发成为春季蚜虫获取病毒的源头外,可能存在非作物以外的其他寄主,并且蚜虫从田间传播SCMV的效率略高于从非作物生境传播的效率。In recent years,the occurrence trend of maize dwarf mosaic disease(MDMD)increased again.In order to strengthen prevention measures against MDMD and find efficient ways to control the dwarf mosaic virus,in this study,potted and field experiments were performed based on resistance identification.RT-PCR and Dot-ELISA techniques were used to detect infection of sugarcane mosaic virus(SCMV)and to analyze transmission of SCMV via aphids under different conditions.The results of resistance identification showed that there were no high resistance resources among 370 maize varieties,and only 3 of them were identified to be resistant to MDMD.RT-PCR detection of aphids and their feeding leaves showed that the aphids stylets contained a high content of virus RNA before winter,which helped the virus to survive cold days in the environment.In spring,a small amount of virus could be detected in stylets of aphids,and relatively more virus could also be detected in the leaves fed by aphids.These results suggested that aphids had obtained SCMV from the environment in spring and had ability to transmit the virus.The pot experiment showed that the transmission efficiency of MDMD increased with time from April on,its increasing amount reached the significant level in August.The experimental results also showed that the number of diseased maizes in field did not significantly affect the transmission efficiency of the virus.The results showed that SCMV could be stored in maize seeds for overwintering at a very low content,and it replicated and proliferated with the development of seedlings after germination of seeds.After the initial infection source was formed,SCMV was spread in a large area in field with help of aphid feeding.In addition to germination of seeds with virus which became the sourc for aphid to obtain virus in spring,there might be other hosts other than non crops,and the efficiency of aphids transmitting SCMV from the field is slightly higher than that from non crop habitats.

关 键 词：玉米矮花叶病 蚜虫传播 酶联免疫吸附测定 RT-PCR 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]