性别控制技术在家畜生产中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress of the Applications of Sex Control Technologies in Livestock Production

作　　者：谢晓刚 李丹 薛增迪[1] 张芮琪 史宏昭 薛嘉 马乃祥 权富生 XIE Xiaogang;LI Dan;Xue Zengdi;ZHANG Ruiqi;SHI Hongzhao;XUE Jia;MA Naixiang;QUAN Fusheng(Department of Animal Engineering,Yangling Vocational and Technical College,Yangling 712100,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Xi’an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院动物工程分院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院/农业部动物生物技术重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省动物疫病预防控制中心,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第3期433-438,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：杨凌职业技术学院自然科学基金项目(ZK20-81;ZK20-85)。

摘　　要：哺乳动物性别控制技术是指通过人为手段对哺乳动物的正常生殖过程进行干预,使得雌性动物生产出符合人们期望性别后代的生物技术。随着现代畜牧业的快速高质量发展,高效精确的性别控制技术已成为提高家畜生产经济效益的重要研究方向。文章对家畜性别控制理论研究进展及性别控制主要方法,如X、Y精子分离(流式细胞仪分离法、免疫学分离法)、胚胎性别鉴定、调节母畜生殖道环境、不同温度解冻冻精、分子生物学技术(RNA干扰、基因敲除)进行综述,分析各种不同性别控制技术的优缺点和应用范围。随着生命科学领域的快速发展,人们将能够进一步阐明哺乳动物性别决定机制,研制出更加高效、快速、准确、经济的性别控制方法,并将其应用于生产实践,结合体外受精、胚胎分割、胚胎移植、体细胞核移植等生物学技术,促进现代畜牧产业快速高质量发展。Mammalian sex control technologies are series of biological technologies that interfere with normal reproductive process of mammals through artificial means,so that females can produce offspring that sexually meet people’s expectations.With the rapid and high-quality development of modern animal husbandry,researches on efficient and accurate sex control technologies have become an important direction to improve economic benefits of livestock production. This paper summarized the research progress of livestock sex control theory and main methods of sex control,such as XY sperm separation(Flow cytometric separation method,Immulogical isolation method),embryo sex identification,female reproductive tract environment regulation,unfreezing frozen sperm at different temperatures,technology of molecular biology(RNA inference,Gene knockout),analyzed advantages, disadvantages and scope of application of different sex control technologies. With the rapid development of life sciences,the determination mechanisms of mammal sex will be definitely clarified in the near future, sex control technologies which are more efficient,fast,accurate and economical will be developed and applied in production. Combining in vitro insemination, embryo bisection, embryo implantation and somatic nuclear implantation, the rapid and high-quality development of modern husbandry industry will be promoted.

关 键 词：性别控制 畜牧业 家畜 生物技术 

分 类 号：S814.7[农业科学—畜牧学]