“硅藻土-过滤器”型土壤墒情传感器研制及应用  

Development and application of diatomite filter-soil moisture sensor

作　　者：吕华芳[1,2] 杨汉波[1,2] 伍鑫源 朱学舟 雷慧闽[1,2] LYU Huafang;YANG Hanbo;WU Xinyuan;ZHU Xuezhou;LEI Huimin(Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第1期207-218,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809147);清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院联合开放研究基金(sklhse-2021-Iow02)。

摘　　要：为降低土壤墒情监测成本,提高农业灌溉效率,结合土壤水分特性和农业灌溉特点,借鉴张力计结构及测量原理,研发了电阻式"硅藻土-过滤器"型低成本土壤墒情传感器;并通过理论分析及试验研究,得到探头结构的优化配比,用干密度为0.5 g/cm^(3)的硅藻土和孔隙度为2μm的过滤器,可提高测量精度。在此基础上,设计完成了一体化土壤剖面墒情监测仪,无外置组件,集成度高,便于安装维护。同时引入低功耗数据自动回传技术,采用锂电池供电,可保证监测仪在野外连续稳定运行3~5 a。结合物联网传输技术及云平台组成的土壤墒情自动监测系统,可实现广阔面积土壤墒情的自动采集、无线组网及远程实时监控等功能。系统在甘肃、宁夏、青海三地进行了实地应用,监测数据表明系统运行效果良好。In order to reduce the cost of soil moisture monitoring and improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation,a resistive diatomite filter-soil moisture sensor with low cost is developed in combination with soil moisture features and agricultural irrigation characteristics by means of referring the structure and measuring principle of tensiometer,and then the optimized ratio of probe structure is obtained through the relevant theoretical analysis and experimental study;by which the measuring accuracy can be enhanced through using the diatomite with dry bulk density of 0.5 g·cm^(3) and a filter with a porosity of 2μm.On the basis of this,a highly integrated soil profile moisture monitor without any external components is designed,which is easy to be installed and maintained.Meanwhile,the automatic data return technique with low-power consumption is introduced,while the monitor can continuously and stably operate in the field for 3~5 years through lithium battery power supply.Combining with the automatic soil moisture monitoring system composed of internet of things transmission technique and cloud platform,the functions of the automatic collection of soil moisture in a wide area,wireless networking and remote real-time monitoring can be realized.This system is already actually applied in the provinces of Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai and the relevant monitoring data indicate that the operation effect of the system is better.

关 键 词：土壤墒情 张力计 硅藻土-过滤器 自动量测 无线组网 土壤水 物联网 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]