电石粉尘的职业病危害因素类型对职业健康风险评估结果的影响  

Effect of occupational hazard factor type of acetylenogen dust on occupational health risk assessment results

作　　者：丁晓文[1] 谢婷婷 牛东升[1] 王会宁[1] 汉锋[2] Ding Xiaowen;Xie Tingting;Niu Dongsheng;Wang Huining;Han Feng(Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Beijing 100093,China;National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,China CDC,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市化工职业病防治院,北京100093 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2022年第1期74-79,共6页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：目的探讨电石作为其他粉尘和碳化钙(CaC_(2))两种不同职业病危害因素的健康危害差异。方法选取西北某电石生产企业,通过职业卫生调查获取电石粉尘的空间分布和人群分布,开展职业卫生检测测定工作场所空气中和主要接触岗位电石粉尘的时间加权平均接触浓度(C;)和峰接触浓度(PE),采用新加坡半定量风险矩阵法进行风险评估,采用《作业场所职业病危害作业分级第1部分:生产性粉尘》(GBZ/T 229.1—2010)进行作业分级。电石粉尘按照其他粉尘和CaC_(2)两种不同的职业病危害因素,比较风险评估和作业分级结果的差异。CaC_(2)的时间加权平均容许浓度按2.28 mg/m^(3)执行。应用盖斯定律比较CaC_(2)和CaO与水反应后放热的量,从而比较两个反应的反应速率。结果工作场所皮带巡检位和电石破碎机旁的电石粉尘浓度较高(14.3~15.7 mg/m^(3)),电石破碎装载机司机岗位接触浓度较高(13.8 mg/m^(3))。风险评估结果显示,除电石破碎装载机司机以危害类型为CaC_(2)进行评估时,风险会升高至中等风险,其余各岗位电石粉尘健康风险均为低风险。作业分级结果显示,除电石破碎装载机司机以危害类型为CaC_(2)进行分级时,会升高至中度危害作业外,各岗位电石粉尘危害分级均为相对无害作业。电石粉尘作为CaC_(2)的作业分级指数均较其他粉尘升高。CaC_(2)与水反应释放出的热量比等物质的量的CaO多。结论电石粉尘在目前生产工艺下,除破碎工段外,其职业健康风险较低,但作为CaC_(2)产生的健康风险等级更高,说明将电石粉尘作为其他粉尘评价可能会低估其职业危害。OBJECTIVE To explore the differences of health hazards between acetylenogen dust as two different occupational hazards of “particles not otherwise regulated” and “calcium carbide”. METHODS A calcium carbide production enterprise in northwest China was selected. The occupational health survey was used to obtain the spatial distribution and population distribution of calcium carbide dust. Occupational health testing was performed to determine the time-weighted average exposure concentration(C;) and excursion limits of calcium carbide dust in the workplace and the main exposure positions. The Singapore semi-quantitative risk matrix was used for occupational risk assessment. The “Classification of Occupational Disease Hazards in the Workplace Part 1: Productive Dust”(GBZ/T 229.1-2010) was used for the operation classification. The calcium carbide dust was regarded as two different occupational hazards: “particles not otherwise regulated” and “calcium carbide”, the differences of health hazards between which were compared. PC-TWA of calcium carbide was performed at 2.28 mg/m^(3). The heat amount of CaC_(2)and CaO released after reacting with water was compared by using Hess’ s law, and the reaction rates of the two reactions are compared. RESULTS The concentrations of calcium carbide dust in the workplace of belt inspection position and the calcium carbide crusher was higher(14.3-15.7 mg/m^(3)), and the concentrations of the driver in the calcium carbide loader was higher(13.8 mg/m^(3)). The result of the risk assessment show that the health risks of calcium carbide dust in various positions are basically low risk. Only when the type of damage was “calcium carbide”, the risk of the driver of calcium carbide loader increase to medium. The operation classification result show that the hazard classification of calcium carbide dust in each post is basically relatively harmless. Only the type of damage was “calcium carbide”,the classification of the driver of the calcium carbide crusher loader

关 键 词：电石 碳化钙 其他粉尘 风险评估 作业分级 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]