洪水漫顶工况下不同坡比的尾矿库溃坝试验研究  

Model Test Study on Dam Break of Tailings Reservoir with Different Slope Ratios under Flood Overtopping Condition

作　　者：张少雄 霍焕臣 宋涛 陈剑刚[1,3] ZHANG Shaoxiong;HUO Huanchen;SONG Tao;CHEN Jian'gang(School of Civil Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University;Key Laboratory of Road and Railway Engineering Safety and Security,Ministry of Education;Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院,河北省石家庄市050043 [2]道路与铁道工程安全保障省部共建教育部重点实验室 [3]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所

出　　处：《现代矿业》2022年第2期212-215,共4页Modern Mining

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(编号:20375409D);河北省省级科技计划资助(编号:E2021210092);石家庄铁道大学研究生创新资助项目(编号:YC2021013)。

摘　　要：尾矿库溃坝过程影响因素较多,其中坝坡比很大程度上影响着溃坝的发展。为此,建立尾矿库溃坝试验模型,研究洪水漫顶工况下不同坝坡的溃坝过程。为提高数据收集精度,使用三维激光扫描仪对整个溃坝过程进行扫描监测。结果表明:不同坡比的溃坝试验过程均以小股水流侵蚀开始,其后有冲沟、陡坎出现,中间伴随着坝体的局部坍塌,最后溃坝趋于稳定。坝坡越陡,冲沟和陡坎出现的时间越早,陡坎移动的速率越快,坝体在水流和自重作用下发生坍塌的次数和频率越高,溃坝历时越短;不同坡比的坝顶溃口宽度均经历了前期逐渐增加、中期迅速展宽、后期缓慢发展并趋于稳定的3个阶段;坝坡较陡的坝体中期持续时间相对较短,坝顶溃口展宽速度较大,溃坝发展的速度较快。There are many factors influencing the process of tailings dam failure,among which the dam slope ratio largely affects the development of dam failure.To this end,a dam-breaking test model of a tailings pond was established to study the dam-breaking process of different dam slopes under the flood top condition.In order to improve the accuracy of data collection,a three-dimensional laser scanner was used to scan and monitor the entire dam break process.The results show that the dam break test process with different slope ratios starts with a small stream of water erosion,followed by gullies and steep ridges,accompanied by local collapse of the dam body in the middle,and finally the dam break tends to be stable.The steeper the dam slope,the earlier the gullies and steep ridges appear,the faster the steep ridge moves,the higher the number and frequency of dam collapses under the action of water flow and its own weight,and the shorter the dam failure duration.The dam crest breach width with different slope ratios has experienced three stages of gradual increase in the early stage,rapid expansion in the middle stage,and slow development and stabilization in the later stage.The medium-term duration of the dam body with the steeper dam slope is relatively short,the crest breach widening speed is larger,and the dam failure development speed is faster.

关 键 词：尾矿库 溃坝 模型试验 洪水漫顶 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿]