基于光频域反射仪的光纤分布式三维形状传感技术  

Optical Fiber Distributed Three-dimensional Shape Sensing Technology Based on Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometer

作　　者：尹国路 徐州 蒋锐 邓明[1,2] 朱涛[1,2] Yin Guolu;Xu Zhou;Jiang Rui;Deng Ming;Zhu Tao(Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology&Systems(Chongqing University),Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400044,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学光电技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《光学学报》2022年第1期62-72,共11页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61975022);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金(61825501);重庆市自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(cstc2020jcyj-cxttX0005);重庆市英才青年拔尖人才基金(CQYC202005011)。

摘　　要：光纤形状传感技术能够测量姿态、取向、径迹以及位置等三维空间信息,在精准介入医疗、变体飞行器以及连续体机器人等领域具有广泛应用前景。光频域反射仪具有高空间分辨率和分布式测量等特点,相较于光纤光栅的波分复用技术,在提高形状传感空间分辨率、形状重构精度以及传感长度等方面具有明显优势。在阐明光频域反射仪分布式应变传感原理的基础上,建立了弯曲形变与应变以及光纤瑞利散射光谱波长漂移之间的物理关系,同时构建了弯曲大小、弯曲方向以及挠率与空间曲线局域标架三个正交分量的数学关系,最后采用切向分量的线积分实现光纤三维形状重构。实验设计并制备了一种基于镍铬形状记忆合金丝与三根光纤束封装的形状传感器,其二维、三维形状末端的平均最大误差为传感器总长度的0.58%和3.45%。Optical fiber shape sensing technology can measure three-dimensional spatial information such as attitude, orientation, track, and position. It has broad application prospects in precision interventional medicine, variant aircraft, and continuum robots. The optical frequency-domain reflectometer features high spatial resolution and distributed measurement. Compared with the wavelength-division multiplexing technology of fiber gratings, it has distinct advantages in improving the spatial resolution of shape sensing, the accuracy of shape reconstruction, and the sensing length. In this paper, the physical relationships of bending deformation with strain and wavelength shift of the Rayleigh scattering spectra of the optical fibers were established after the principle of distributed strain sensing of the optical frequency-domain reflectometer was expounded. The mathematical relationships of the bending size, bending direction, and torsion with the three orthogonal components of the spatial curve local frame were determined. Finally, the three-dimensional shape reconstruction of the optical fibers was achieved via the line integral of the tangential component. A shape sensor based on the Ni-Cr shape memory alloy wire and encapsulated by three optical fiber bundles was designed and prepared in experiments. The average maximum errors of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional shape ends are 0.58% and 3.45% of the total length of the sensor, respectively.

关 键 词：光纤传感 分布式形状传感 光频域反射仪 

分 类 号：TN29[电子电信—物理电子学]