外泌体在2型糖尿病发病机制及诊疗标志物开发中的研究进展  

Research progress of exosomes in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and treatment

作　　者：刘森 葛金芳[1,2,3] LIU Sen;GE Jin-fang(School of Pharmacy,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases,Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China;The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine,Ministry of Education,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学药学院,合肥230032 [2]安徽医科大学重大自身免疫性疾病安徽省重点实验室,合肥230032 [3]安徽医科大学炎症免疫性疾病安徽省实验室,合肥230032

出　　处：《中国新药杂志》2022年第3期237-244,共8页Chinese Journal of New Drugs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81870403);安徽医科大学“三全教育”综合改革试点项目(2021xsqyr03)。

摘　　要：外泌体是一种纳米级大小的细胞外分泌囊泡,具有脂质双分子层结构,可以携带多种DNA,RNA以及蛋白质等生物分子,是细胞间信号传递的重要载体。大量研究结果表明,外泌体及其内含物可通过多种途径影响胰岛素的分泌和组织敏感性,参与糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的调控,在包括糖尿病在内的内分泌及代谢性疾病发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。本文就外泌体在2型糖尿病发病机制及诊疗标志物开发中的研究进展做一综述。Exosomes are a knid of nano-sized vesicles secreted by cells.They have a lipid-bilayer structure and carries a variety of biological molecules such as DNA,RNA and proteins,which are important carriers for signal transmission between cells.A large number of studies have shown that exosomes and their contents inside can affect insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity and participate in regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance,thus play an important role in development and progression process of endocrine and metabolic diseases including diabetes.This article reviews the research progress of exosomes in the pathogenesis,diagnostic and therapeutic markers of type 2 diabetes.

关 键 词：外泌体 MIRNAS 2型糖尿病 胰岛素抵抗 血清标志物 

分 类 号：R966[医药卫生—药理学] R587.1[医药卫生—药学]