送粉式激光增材和铣削减材复合制造316L不锈钢的表面质量及力学性能  

Surface Quality and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Powder Feeding Laser Additive and Milling Subtractive Hybrid Manufacturing

作　　者：陈峰 宋长辉[1] 杨永强[1] 魏宏鸣 周恒 Chen Feng;Song Changhui;Yang Yongqiang;Wei Hongming;Zhou Heng(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2022年第1期260-266,共7页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：广东省重点研发计划(2018B090905001);国家自然科学基金(U2001218,51875215,81772428);广东省特支计划(2019TQ05Z110);广东省区域联合基金重点项目(2020B1515120013)。

摘　　要：为了研究送粉式激光增材和铣削减材复合制造零件的表面质量及力学性能,以316L不锈钢粉末为原料,通过"增材-减材-增材-减材"交替循环的方式进行样件的制造,并对其表面粗糙度、显微硬度和力学性能进行分析测试。结果表明:送粉式激光增材和铣削减材复合制造样件的表面粗糙度随着铣削速度的增大而下降,随着每齿进给量的增加而增大;送粉式激光增材和铣削减材复合制造样件的表面粗糙度较传统工艺生产的基板试样更低,显微硬度较增材制造样件和锻造件更高,抗拉强度和屈服强度比增材制造样件分别提高了5%和60.5%,但断后伸长率却有所降低。送粉式激光增材和铣削减材复合制造技术能够制造出具有高表面质量和优良力学性能的零件,可直接应用于316L不锈钢轮胎模具等零件的制造。该技术充分融合了增材制造的高材料利用率、高自由度以及减材制造的高精度、高表面质量优势,可以获得结构复杂、形状精度和表面质量高的零件。To investigate the surface quality and mechanical properties of parts produced by powder feeding laser additive and milling subtractive hybrid manufacturing technology,using 316 L stainless steel as the research object,we manufactured the samples by the alternate“additive-subtractive-additive-subtractive”cycle and tested the surface roughness,microhardness,and mechanical properties of the samples.The findings demonstrate that the surface roughness of the samples produced by the powder feeding laser additive and milling subtractive hybrid manufacturing decreases with increasing milling speed and increases with increasing feed per tooth.The powder feeding laser additive and milling subtractive hybrid-manufactured samples have lower surface roughness than the substrate sample prepared by the traditional process and have higher microhardness than additive-manufactured and forged parts.The tensile and yield strengths of powder feeding laser additive and milling subtractive hybrid-manufactured samples increase by 5%and 60.5%,respectively,compared with the additive-manufactured sample.However,their elongation rate after breaking reduces.The powder feeding laser additive and milling subtractive hybrid manufacturing technology can produce parts with high surface quality and good mechanical properties and can be directly applied to manufacture parts,such as 316 L stainless steel tire molds.This method combines the features of additive manufacturing’s high material utilization and degree of freedom with subtractive manufacturing’s high precision and surface quality to produce parts with complex structures as well as high shape accuracy and surface quality.

关 键 词：激光技术 激光定向能量沉积 铣削加工 复合制造 316L不锈钢 表面质量 力学性能 

分 类 号：TF124[冶金工程—粉末冶金] TN249[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]