注重荒漠区胡杨林生态保护与修复的汊渗轮灌研究  

Study on the ditch rotation irrigation for ecological protection and restoration of Populus euphratica forests in the desert area

作　　者：白涛[1] 姬宏伟 邓铭江 周海鹰 凌红波[4] 杨鹏年[5] BAI Tao;JI Hongwei;DENG Mingjiang;ZHOU Haiying;LIN Hongbo;YANG Pengnian(The Ministry of Education Northwest Water Resources and Environment Key Laboratory,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Engineering Research Center of Water Resources and Ecological Water Conservancy in Cold and Arid Area of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830000,China;Water Resources Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830000,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学教育部西北水资源与环境生态重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]新疆寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [4]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [5]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水利学报》2022年第1期31-42,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405900);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879213);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019T120933,2017M623332XB);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2019JLM-52,2018JQ5145);陕西省水利科技计划项目(2017slkj-27);新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅规设局项目(403-1005-YBN-FT6I)。

摘　　要：针对传统生态调度"只放不灌""大水漫灌"造成的生态水利用效率低、灌溉面积有限等实际问题,本文基于荒漠区耐旱性植被胡杨特殊的生物节律,提出汊渗轮灌的灌溉理念,明确了汊渗轮灌的定义、内涵,构建了汊渗轮灌系统和灌溉模式,搭建了汊渗轮灌的基本框架。以我国最大的内陆河塔里木河下游为例,基于汊渗轮灌的灌溉模式优化塔河下游原有的工程布局,构建双通道+沟道、汊河的面状生态输水新方式,制定了大西海子水库实时生态调度方案,与胡杨林的汊渗轮灌系统相结合,实现了2020年塔河下游生态调度与汊渗轮灌的应用实践。研究表明:(1)相比于以前生态水在河道和台特玛湖无效蒸发,此次生态水量的蒸发量仅占总水量的0.4%,生态水的利用效率超过83%,大大提高了生态水的利用效率;(2)试验区地下水位提升0.28~0.84 m,地下水存储水量约128万m^(3),初步实现了储水于地下的"地下生态水银行",保障了生态调度与汊渗轮灌的可持续性;(3)汊渗轮灌新增生态输水长度7 km,新增胡杨林生态修复面积60万m^(2),为胡杨林的漂种、发芽、生长等健康生境提供了良好保障。研究成果可为荒漠区保护性植被的生态保护与修复提供新的思路和方法。The extensive management mode of traditional ecological operation(e.g. flood irrigation)has caused practical problems such as low efficiency of ecological water use and limited irrigation area. Based on the special biorhythm of drought-tolerant Populus euphratica in desert area,this paper puts forward the irrigation concept of Ditch Rotation Irrigation(DRI), defines the definition and connotation of DRI, constructs the DRI system, and builds the basic framework of DRI. Aiming at practical problems such as the deterioration of the ecological environment, the reduction of biodiversity, the ineffective evaporation of ecological water, and the low utilization efficiency. Take the lower reaches of the Tarim River which is the largest inland river in my country as an example,the irrigation mode based on the DRI has optimized the original engineering layout of the lower reaches of the Tarim River and constructed a new planar ecological water delivery method with double channels, channels and branch rivers. Developed a real-time scheduling scheme Daxihaizi ecological reservoir, and the poplar branch infiltration rotational irrigation system combined to achieve the practical application of Tarim River ecological operation in 2020 with the DRI. The results show that:(1) Compared with the previous ecological water evaporation in the river and Taitema Lake,the evaporation of ecological water only accounted for 0.4% of the total water volume,and the utilization efficiency of ecological water exceeded 83%,which greatly improved the utilization efficiency of ecological water.(2) The groundwater level in the test area is increased by 0.28-0.84 m,and the groundwater storage capacity is about 1.28 million cubic meters, which realizes the underground ecological water bank that stores water in the ground, and ensures the sustainability of ecological dispatch and DRI.(3) The new ecological water delivery length of the ditch infiltration irrigation is 7 km, and the newly added Populus euphratica forests ecological restoration area is

关 键 词：汊渗轮灌 生态调度 面状输水方式 地下生态水银行 生态保护与修复 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]