皮诺切特政府的土地改革与智利社会转型  

Agrarian Reform and Social Transformation in Pinochet's Chile

作　　者：李仁方 Li Renfang

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学拉美研究中心

出　　处：《世界近现代史研究》2022年第1期144-161,328,329,共20页Studies of Modern World History

摘　　要：皮诺切特政府的土地改革政策及其影响,是个可能引发诸多争议的话题。回顾20世纪中期智利土地改革历史可以发现,皮诺切特政府延续而非终止或逆转了弗雷和阿连德政府的土地改革进程,并以法治和市场这两大工具有序地基本实现了预期改革目标。通过土地改革,皮诺切特政府推动智利土地制度及其生产关系成功地向现代资本主义转型,并促使农村社会阶层结构、城乡社会人口结构和政府与“三农”关系都发生了重大转变,进而给智利经济社会发展带来了深远的影响。Looking back on the history of agrarian reform in Chile in the middle of the 20th century,we can find that President Augusto Pinochet continued,rather than terminated or reversed,the agrarian reform process of President Eduardo Frei Montalva and President Salvador Allende Gossens,and achieved the ex pected goals and tasks of reform with the tools of rule of law and market.Through agrarian reform,Pinochet government has promoted successful transformation of Chile's agrarian system and its production relations to modern capitalism,and promoted significant transformation of rural social class structure,urban and rural social population structure and the relationship between the government and the agriculture,rural area and farmers.Thus,these brought far-reaching influence to the economic and social development of Chile.

关 键 词：皮诺切特政府 土地改革 社会转型 生产关系 社会结构 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]