甲烷活化与催化转化过程中的几个关键问题及对策  

Key problems and countermeasures in methane activation and catalytic conversion processes

作　　者：肖晓敏 曹学雨 吴新宇 耿豪杰 於思瑜 刘社田 Xiao Xiaomin;Cao Xueyu;Wu Xinyu;Geng Haojie;Yu Siyu;Liu Shetian(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学化学化工学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《工业催化》2021年第12期1-6,共6页Industrial Catalysis

摘　　要：现有的由甲烷直接转化生产大宗化学品过程,包括氧化偶联制乙烯、选择性氧化制甲醇和脱氢低聚制芳烃等,依然停留在实验室研究阶段,无法达到工业化要求。其原因在于单程目的产物收率低,能耗高,无法和现有生产过程竞争。而其技术障碍则与甲烷C—H键活化条件苛刻、产物不稳定、催化剂选择性和稳定性差等因素相关。本文主要分析了实现甲烷活化和高效直接转化过程中的一些关键技术问题,主要包括临氧转化过程中的选择性氧化、脱氢低聚过程中的热力学平衡限制及催化剂稳定性等,并对其可能的解决途径进行了探讨。Existing technologies for direct conversion of methane to bulk chemicals,including oxidative coupling to ethylene,selective oxidation to methanol and dehydro-oligomerization to benzene,are still in their bench-scale phase and far away from commercialization,due to low single-pass yield of target products and high energy consumption.The technical obstacles are related to factors such as harsh condition for methane C—H bond activation,poor stability of the target products,and poor selectivity and stability of the catalysts.This paper analyzes some key problems with the process of methane activation and high-efficient direct conversion,including selective oxidation oxidative conversion,thermodynamic equilibrium limitation in dehydrogenation and oligomerization,and stability of the catalysts.Possible solutions to these problems are discussed.

关 键 词：有机化学工程 甲烷活化 脱氢芳构化 氧化偶联 选择性氧化 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学] TQ426.94[理学—化学]