中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中的关键金属  

Critical metals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China

作　　者：刘英超[1] 侯增谦[1] 岳龙龙 马旺[2] 唐波浪 Yingchao Liu;Zengqian Hou;Longlong Yue;Wang Ma;Bolang Tang(Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth Science and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Jiangsu Nanjing Institute of Geo-Engineering Investigation,Nanjing 210041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [3]江苏南京地质工程勘查院,南京210041

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第4期406-424,共19页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41922022,41773042,41773043,41772088,41472067);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA20070304);中国地质科学院地质研究所基本科研业务费(J2105);国际地质对比计划(IGCP-662)资助。

摘　　要：沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床主要包括碎屑岩赋矿(clastic-dominated,CD)矿床和密西西比河谷型(Mississippi-Valley type,MVT)矿床两种,它是世界上Cd、Ga、Ge等关键金属的重要来源,并具有In、Co、Tl的资源潜力.中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床主要分布在5个成矿区/带,提供了全国54%的铅锌用量,但其伴生关键金属的资源潜力和成矿机制尚不清楚.本文在综述沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中伴生的主要关键金属和中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床的基础上,详细总结了中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中关键金属的分布特征和富集机制.各类关键金属元素在中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床中分布不均,相对地壳丰度,Cd、Ge、In最为富集,Tl、Co有一定富集,Ga的富集程度较低;从矿床类型上来看,Cd、Ga、Ge、Tl在中国MVT矿床中相对富集,In、Co在CD矿床中相对富集;从区域分布上来看,不同元素的富集区带差异很大,除Cd在5个成矿区/带都有较好富集外,其他金属在三江带、扬子地台、厂坝成矿带出现不同程度富集.总结发现,沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床对所富集关键金属的种类具选择性,而关键金属在该类矿床中的富集程度也具差异性.前者主要由关键金属元素同矿床中相关矿物组成元素(主要为Zn和Fe)的地球化学相似性导致,后者则由关键金属进入赋存矿物的替代形式、成矿流体的物理化学条件、成矿背景导致.目前,中国沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床伴生关键金属的研究尚处于起步阶段,建立相关资源数据库,深入开展富集成矿机制研究,厘定不同铅锌成矿区/带关键金属的区域成矿规律是亟须开展的工作.Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits are mainly comprised of Mississippi Valley-type(MVT)deposits situated in carbonatedominated sedimentary rocks and clastic-dominated(CD)deposits located in siliciclastic-dominated sequences.They are significant sources of critical metals such as cadmium,gallium,and germanium,as well as indium,cobalt,and thallium.In China,sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits are found in 5 metallogenic belts/districts,namely the Sanjiang belt,the Yangtze Block district,the Tarim Craton district,the Changba belt,and the Langshan belt.They provide 54%of China’s Pb-Zn resources,but their resource endowment and the metallogenic characteristics of these associated critical metals remain unclear.After briefly reviewing the main critical metals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits and sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in China,this review summarizes the distribution and enrichment mechanisms of critical metals in sedimenthosted Pb-Zn deposits in China and recommends future research.These critical metals are unevenly enriched in sedimenthosted Pb-Zn deposits in China.Compared to the crustal elemental abundances,Cd,Ge,and In are the most enriched,Tl and Co have lower enrichment degrees,and Ga has the lowest enrichment degree.Cd,Ga,Ge,and Tl are rich in MVT deposits,while In and Co are rich in CD deposits.In all five sediment-hosted Pb-Zn belts/districts,Cd is relatively abundant.However,other critical metals are enriched to a different degree in each belt/district.In terms of distribution,Cd is well enriched in all five sediment-hosted Pb-Zn belts/districts,particularly in the Sanjiang belt of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the Yangtze Block district;Ge is most abundant in the Yangtze Block district,followed by the Changba belt in the Qinling orogenic belt,and Sanjiang belt;In and Co are enriched in the Sanjiang belt,followed by the Yangtze Block district and the Changba belt;Tl is enriched in the Sanjiang belt,the Yangtze Block district,and the Changba belt;and,Ga is most enriched in the Changba belt and Yangtze Block,f

关 键 词：沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床 密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床 碎屑岩赋矿(CD)铅锌矿床 关键金属 

分 类 号：P618.42[天文地球—矿床学] P618.43[天文地球—地质学]