应用信息型量表发展无偿献血者成为造血干细胞志愿捐献者的效果研究  

Using informational questionnaires to turn blood donors into hematopoietic stem cell voluntary donors: a randomized controlled trial

作　　者：林慧希 吴笛 谢钊[1] 何军[1] 欧阳剑[1] LIN Huixi;WU Di;XIE Zhao;HE Jun;OUYANG Jian(Guangzhou Blood Center,Guangzhou 510095,China.)

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心广州市血液安全重点实验室,广东广州510095

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2022年第2期179-182,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011505);广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2020141);广州市医学重点学科(2021~2023年)项目。

摘　　要：目的国内造血干细胞供不应求,探索有效的方法动员更多的献血者成为造血干细胞志愿捐献者。方法设计信息型量表和对照型量表,2个量表条目相同,均包含捐献造血干细胞的相关知识和需求程度等的问题,但信息型量表提示问题的正确答案,而对照型量表不提示。对3 000名在广州市献血的献血者随机分组,其中1 500位纳入干预组(填写信息型量表),另外1 500位纳入对照组(填写对照型量表)。结果填写信息型量表的献血者表达出更高成为干细胞志愿者的意愿(M_(信息)=4.32,SD=0.87;M_(对照)=4.02,SD=0.93,t_((529))=3.87,P<0.001);利他主义和感知需求(认为造血干细胞的需求程度)为分组与意愿的调节因子,即信息型量表使利他主义较强烈和感知需求较高的献血更愿意成为干细胞志愿者;而感知风险(认为捐献造血干细胞对身体的负面影响)为分组与意愿的部分中介因子,即信息型量表使献血者认为捐献造血干细胞的风险较低,从而使其成为干细胞志愿者的意愿更强烈。结论本研究发现信息型量表能有效动员献血者成为干细胞志愿者。Objective To explore effective ways to mobilize more blood donors to become voluntary donors of hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs), so as to increase the HSCs supply in China. Methods Two scales(the information scale and the control scale) with the same items were designed and both included questions concerning the knowledge of HSCs donation and the level of demand. The information scale indicated the correct answer to these questions, while the control scale did not. A total of 3 000 blood donors in Guangzhou were randomly assigned into the intervention group(n=1 500, filled in the information scale) and the control group(n=1 500, filled in the control scale). Results Blood donors who filled in the informational scale expressed a higher intention to become HSCs volunteers(M_(information)=4.32,SD=0.87;M_(control)=4.02,SD=0.93,t_((529))=3.87,P<0.001). Altruism and perceived need(the degree of HSCs demands) were the moderators of grouping and intention, that is, the information scale made blood donors, with stronger altruism and higher perceived need, more willing to become stem cell volunteers. Perceived risk(the negative impact of HSCs donation on health) was a partial mediator of grouping and intention. The information scale reduced blood donors’ anxiety about the risk of HSCs donation, and promoted their intention to become HSCs volunteers. Conclusion This study proved that the informational scale can effectively mobilize blood donors to become HSCs volunteers.

关 键 词：献血者 造血干细胞 造血干细胞志愿捐献者 意愿 随机对照研究 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R193[医药卫生—临床医学]