嫁接对马铃薯种间杂交亲和性的评价  

Evaluation of Compatibility of Potato Interspecific Hybridization by Grafting

作　　者：祁利潘 李越[2] 冯琰 王燕[2] 苏云[2] 尹江 郭华春[1] Qi Lipan;Li Yue;FengYan;WangYan;Su Yun;Yin Jiang;Guo Huachun(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,650201;Rain-fed Agriculture Research Center,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,075000)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明650201 [2]河北北方学院,旱作农业研究中心,张家口075000

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第2期486-493,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-09);河北省马铃薯产业体系项目(HBCT2018080201);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326319D);河北北方学院校级项目(XG2021012)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了研究亲本预嫁接对马铃薯种间杂交亲和性的影响以及培育马铃薯新种质,本研究以四倍体高产马铃薯‘冀张薯12号’和‘冀张薯8号’为母本与二倍体高淀粉原始栽培种为父本配制杂交组合,采取母本预先嫁接于父本的方法,与砧木(父本)品种进行有性杂交。共配制17个杂交组合,分为嫁接组和对照组,共34个处理。嫁接组所有处理平均授粉110朵,收获浆果数20.5个,实生粒数11.2个,平均坐果率为19.6%,单果结实数为0.46粒/果;对照组所有处理平均授粉157朵,收获浆果数15.2个,实生粒数7.7个,平均坐果率为10.5%,单果结实数为0.26粒/果。嫁接组较对照组坐果率、结实率平均提高86.7%、76.9%。共对322粒种子进行组织培养,经诱导获得植株170株;对上述10个杂交组合的部分株系用流式细胞仪进行倍性检测,获得二倍体4个,三倍体25个,四倍体17个;46个株系SSR分子鉴定和结合表型分析表明,所有三倍体和四倍体植株F1均为双亲的有性杂交后代。本研究将为二倍体马铃薯种质资源的综合有效利用提供理论与实践基础。In order to investigate the effect of pre-grafting parent on interspecific cross compatibility of potato and develop new potato germplasm, the cross-compatibility experiments were carried out using two high-yield tetraploid cultivars as females and high starch content cultivated diploids as males. At the seedling stage, the tetraploid cultivated species(scion) is grafted with diploid wild species(rootstock), and pollination by the male parent(rootstock species) at the beginning of flowering, no grafting plants as control. A total of 17 cross combinations were performed and each cross combination was divided into grafting group and control group, with a total of 34 treatments. In the grafting group, average 110 flowers were pollinated from which 20.5 fruits were set and 11.2 true seed were obtained, with an average fruit setting rate as10.5% and true seed number is 0.26 grains per fruit.Compared with the control group, the fruitsetting rate and seed setting rate in the grafting group were increased by86.7% and 76.9% on average. As much as 322 immature seeds were cultured in vitro. After shooting and rooting induction, 170 plants were generated. 46 regenerated plants were ploidy analysis in which 17, 25 and 4 plants proved to be tetraploids, triploids and diploids respectively by flow cytometry analysis. The simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers combined with phenotypic analysis showed that all tetraploids and triploids were hybrids of both parents. This study will provide a theoretical and practical basis for the comprehensive and effective utilization of diploid potato germplasm resources.

关 键 词：马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.) 嫁接 种间杂交 倍性分析 SSR分子标记 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]