长期航天飞行心血管保护:问题与挑战  

Cardiovascular protection in long-term spaceflight:current understanding and challenges

作　　者：邢文娟 邢长洋 凌树宽[2] 李英贤[2] 高峰 XING Wen Juan;XING Chang Yang;LING Shu Kuan;LI Ying Xian;GAO Feng(School of Aerospace Medicine,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China;State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics,Tangdu Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710038,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学航空航天医学系,西安710032 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室,北京100094 [3]空军军医大学第二附属医院超声诊断科,西安710038

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2022年第2期190-203,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：空间站工程航天医学实验项目(批准号:HYZHXM01001);军队重大项目(批准号:AWS16J018);军队重点基础研究项目(批准号:2019-JCJQZD-196-00);国家自然科学基金(批准号:31670865,81701859,81822026);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(批准号:20180302);中国博士后科学基金(批准号:2020M673670);空军军医大学凌云工程雏鹰计划资助。

摘　　要：我国即将运行的空间站要求航天员长期驻留太空,航天飞行引发的心血管功能及循环系统调控改变直接影响航天员的健康和工作效能,其中失重是最重要的环境因素.目前人们对短期航天飞行机体的生理变化及适应规律已有一定的经验,但对长期失重所致的心血管变化规律、特征以及相关生理效应发生机制的认识还不够全面和深入,相应的心血管保护措施仍有待完善.阐明及解决上述问题是我国载人航天发展战略的迫切需求.本文综述了失重/模拟失重条件下机体心血管系统的变化、适应特征及相关机制的国内外研究进展,尤其是针对空间站长期微重力环境的心血管效应、现有心血管保护措施以及存在的问题与挑战进行了分析和讨论,希望为我国面向空间站任务长期航天飞行的心血管保护提供借鉴和新思路.China’s space station Tiangong is expected to be completed and will operate in the low-Earth orbit in the near future.During the longduration flight in space,microgravity is one of the major hazards that affect crew members’long-term cardiovascular health and task performance.The profound effects of microgravity on cardiovascular adaptation during long-term spaceflight and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood,which hampers the development of effective cardiovascular protective countermeasures.Here,we review and discuss the current research advances concerning long-term microgravity-induced cardiovascular responses,adaptations and possible underlying mechanisms.We further highlight and discuss the perspectives and challenges in developing more efficient cardiovascular protective countermeasures for long-term spaceflight.

关 键 词：长期航天飞行 失重 功能失调 重塑 心血管保护 对抗措施 

分 类 号：R851[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]