法典化土地经营权之物权证成  

The Demonstration of Land Management Right in Civil Code is a Real Right

作　　者：艾围利 陈修兰 Ai Weili;Chen Xiulan

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院 [2]上海立信会计金融学院

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2021年第2期197-211,共15页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：“上海高校青年教师培养资助计划”(项目名称:农村金融生态环境测度研究,项目编号:ZZLX19028);上海师范大学校级文科项目(项目名称:墓地上的权利群研究,项目编号:A—0230—16—001003)资助。

摘　　要：所谓债权性土地经营权其实质仍为原本的租赁之债、转包之债等合同债权,借用"土地经营权"名称并未形成新的权利,无须"三权分置"改革和修法介入,当事人运用《民法典》合同编和旧法足可自行生成。民法一般不会对一项债权专门命名,应遵循该惯例,仅由物权性土地经营权单独保有"土地经营权"名称,债权性土地经营权回归其原本的租赁之债、转包之债等合同债权,以避免同一权利既是债权又是物权的尴尬。根据法律上处分行为针对的是权利而非物,处分行为以具有处分权为前提的原理,土地承包经营权人对土地不享有所有权和法律上的处分权能,无权处分土地、土地所有权和土地承包经营权,只可处分土地承包经营权的"所有权",即鲍尔、施蒂尔纳所谓的"权利的所有权"。比较域外"权利用益权"可知,权利可作为用益物权客体,权利可被占有、使用和收益。"三权分置"下的土地经营权是一项由土地承包经营权派生,以土地承包经营权为客体的用益物权,即权利用益物权。The nature of the so-called contractual right of land management is still the contractual creditor’s right of the original lease debt,subcontract debt,etc.The contractual right of land management isn’t a new right,so it is not necessary to intervene in the reform of"separation of three rights"and the amendment of the law.The parties concerned can generate their own rights by using the contract part of the Civil Code and the old law.Generally,civil law will not give a special name to a creditor’s right.This practice should be followed.Only the real right of land management shall keep the name of"land management right"alone,and the contractual right of land management shall return to its original contractual right such as lease debt and subcontract debt,so as to avoid the embarrassment that the same right is both creditor’s right and real right.According to the principles that the acts of disposition are against the rights but not the contents,and the acts of disposition are base on the premise that there is a right of disposition,the obligee of land contracted management right does not enjoy the ownership or disposition,he hasn’t the right to dispose of the land,the land ownership or the land contracted management right,he can only dispose of"ownership"of the land contracted management right,which Bauer and Steerner called"ownership of rights".By comparing the extraterritorial"Usufruct on Right",we can see that the right can be the object of usufructuary right,and the right can be occupied,used and earned.The land management right under the"separation of three rights"is a usufruct derived from the land contracted management right and taking the land contracted management right as the object,namely the Usufruct on Right".

关 键 词：土地经营权 土地承包经营权 权利用益物权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.32[政治法律—法学]