祁连山国家公园生态环境质量综合评价及演变特征分析  

Comprehensive evaluation and evolutionary characteristics of eco-environment quality in Qilian Mountain National Park

作　　者：杨磊[1] 单姝瑶 桑晨 刘越 徐浩杰 YANG Lei;SHAN Shuyao;SANG Chen;LIU Yue;XU Haojie(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第2期278-289,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2020-SF-146);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41901113);甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(20JR5RA232);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金自由探索项目(lzujbky-2020-21)。

摘　　要：祁连山国家公园是西部重要的生态安全屏障,采矿、水电开发和过度放牧导致祁连山国家公园生态环境问题突出。基于2000–2018年祁连山国家公园境内14个县(区)的遥感、气象和社会经济统计数据,从自然、经济和社会3个层面筛选出关键的生态环境质量评价指标,建立生态环境质量评价指标体系,量化各指标贡献度,构建生态环境质量指数(EQI),阐明EQI时空变化规律。结果表明:多年平均EQI呈“东高西低”的空间分布,各县(区)EQI差异明显。研究时段内国家公园EQI呈极显著增加趋势(P<0.01),EQI均值越小其增速越慢。自然因素是影响生态环境质量变化的主要驱动力,经济和社会因素次之,三者的贡献度分别为52%、28%和20%。气温、降水、太阳辐射、植被覆盖度、增强型植被指数、叶面积指数、净初级生产力、林业总产值、牲畜饲养量、粮食种植面积、第一产业增加值指数、人均总产值增加值指数、人口自然增长率、受教育人口、城乡居民储蓄、农村居民纯收入和非农业人口与生态环境质量呈正向关系。第二、三产业增加值指数和农业人口与生态环境质量呈负向关系。未来应进一步落实天然林保护、退耕还林和退牧还草政策,完善生态补偿机制,加强生态环境监管,严格限制国家公园中西部地区的人类活动强度。Qilian Mountain National Park serves as a vital ecological security barrier in Western China,but mining,hydroelectric development,and overgrazing have resulted in serious ecological and environmental damage.Using remote sensing as well as meteorological and socio-economic statistical datasets of 14 counties in Qilian Mountain National Park from 2000 to 2018,this study established an assessment indicator system for eco-environmental quality.We also employed the principal component analysis method to determine the contribution of each indicator,which was then used to develop a new eco-environmental quality index(EQI).The spatiotemporal variations in the EQI and its influencing factors were examined.The results showed that the spatial distribution of mean annual EQI was characterized by low values in the west and high values in the east of Qilian Mountain National Park.The EQI varied significantly for the different counties.During the study period,the EQI of the national park showed a significant increasing trend(P<0.01).The smaller the average EQI,the slower the rate of increase.Natural factors were the major driving force for the temporal variation of eco-environmental quality,followed by economic and social factors,showing a contribution of 52%,28%,and 20%,respectively.The mean annual temperature and precipitation,annual average radiation,vegetation coverage,enhanced vegetation index,leaf area index,net primary productivity,gross output value of forestry,amount of livestock raised,grain planting area,value-added index of primary industry,per capita GDP added value index,natural population growth rate,the number of educated people,urban and rural household savings,per capita net income of rural residents,and non-agricultural population played a positive role.Value added index of secondary industry,value-added index of tertiary industry,agricultural population,and other indicators played a negative role.Our findings suggest the need for further implementation of natural forest protection,returning farmland to fores

关 键 词：区域可持续发展 空间差异 时间演变 驱动力 人类活动 主成分分析 指数构建法 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X826