我国草种质量认证现状、实施途径与技术瓶颈  

Current situation,implementation methods,and technical bottlenecks in forage seed quality certification in China

作　　者：高媛 张祖欣 张榕 胡小文[1] GAO Yuan;ZHANG Zuxin;ZHANG Rong;HU Xiaowen(College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Grassland Technique Extension Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省草原技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第2期391-398,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项计划(19ZD2NA002);甘肃省科技计划(18JR2TA023)。

摘　　要：种子质量认证是一种以保障种子真实性和品种纯度为基础的种子质量控制体系,实施种子质量认证对于保证国家良种供应、保障国家食物安全具有重要意义。本文通过回顾和分析我国草种质量控制体系的发展过程与现状,指出逐步推行草种质量认证是解决我国当前草种市场上品种意识单薄、种子质量良莠不齐、种源不清等问题的关键途径。但另一方面,由于土地细碎化程度高、品种真实性鉴定配套技术缺乏、种子认证技术力量薄弱、种子用户对认证的可接受性差等限制了我国草种质量认证工作的顺利实施。基于此,本文提出了如下建议:1)成立草种质量认证的专门机构,依据我国草种生产实际情况,参照国际标准建立适宜我国国情的草种质量认证管理体系。2)依托科研单位与各级草品种审定委员会,建立草品种标准样品库和品种真实性鉴定标准并实施。3)逐步推广草种质量认证试点,加强草种质量认证试点和认证成效的宣传工作。4)依据草种质量认证试点经验,进一步完善草种质量认证管理体系,并逐步实施。Seed quality certification is a seed quality control system that ensures the authenticity and purity of seeds.This paper reviews and analyzes the development process and current status of the forage seed quality control system in China.Implementing forage seed quality certification is an effective way of solving problems in the seed market,such as poor awareness of varieties available,significant variation in seed quality,and unclear seed provenance.However,due to land fragmentation,the lack of technology to authenticate seed varieties,lack of seed certification organizations,and poor acceptance levels from seed users,implementation of forage seed quality certification has been restricted to some extent.Based on this,this paper proposes a four-step framework for forage seed quality certification in China.This framework will be implemented as follows:1)Set up a special organization for forage seed quality certification and establish a management system for forage seed quality certification according to international standards and that reflects the status of forage seed production in China.2)Establish a standard sample bank of forage seed varieties and compile authentication standards for the relevant seed varieties.This should be undertaken in cooperation with scientific research institutes and forage variety validation committees at various levels.3)Conduct pilot forage seed quality certification and strengthen publicity about the program and effectiveness of certifying forage seeds.4)Improve the management system of forage seed quality certification based on pilot work and implement these findings nationwide.

关 键 词：草种质量认证 品种真实性 品种纯度 品种审定 种子 种源 种子检验 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学] F324.6[经济管理—产业经济]