杂草在“玉米田养鹅”系统生产力提升中的作用  

Study on the role of weeds in the productivity improvement of“raising geese in corn field”system

作　　者：于皓然 关法春 苗彦军 郭永刚 解娇[2] YU Haoran;GUAN Fachun;MIAO Yanjun;GUO Yonggang;XIE Jiao(College of Animal Sciences,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Tibet,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院动物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第2期412-419,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：吉林省科技厅项目(20200403014SF、20200602054ZP)。

摘　　要：本研究对“玉米田养鹅”(GCF)处理与常规除草剂处理(CK)进行对比分析,以期明确杂草在“玉米田养鹅”系统农田生产力提升机制中的作用和地位。结果表明:GCF处理下杂草多样性优于CK,杂草产量也显著高于CK(P<0.05),但杂草的存在严重影响了玉米(Zea mays)的生长,其中在放牧前后GCF处理下玉米叶面积均极显著低于CK(P<0.01),并直接导致玉米减产40.64%;相关性分析结果也证实,杂草产量与多样性均是导致玉米减产的关键因素,相关系数分别为−0.689和−0.881,但GCF处理下鹅的杂草采食量达到了60.24 t·hm^(−2),杂草通过鹅采食转化成经济效益,GCF处理的综合收益反而比CK高137.11%。因此,杂草在“玉米田养鹅”模式的经济增收上起到了关键的转化作用,这为今后农田杂草开发提供了新的利用途径。In this study,the effects and status of weeds in the improvement of farmland productivity in the“raising geese in corn field”system were determined by analyzing and comparing the“raising geese in corn field”(GCF)treatment and conventional herbicide treatment(CK).The results showed that the weed diversity under GCF treatment was better than that under CK,and the weed yield was significantly higher than that under CK(P<0.05).However,the presence of weeds seriously affected the growth of maize(Zea mays),and the leaf area of maize treated with GCF was significantly lower than that under CK before and after grazing(P<0.01),directly leading to a maize yield reduction of 40.64%.The correlation analysis results showed that both weed yield and diversity were key factors that led to maize yield reduction;the R2 values were−0.689 and−0.881,respectively,but as the number of geese eating weeds under GCF treatment reached 60.24 t·ha^(−1),the comprehensive income under GCF treatment was still 137.11%higher than that under CK as the geese ate weeds and turned them into an economically viable product.Therefore,weeds play a vital role in the economic benefits from“raising geese in corn fields,”which indicates a new way for treating weeds in the future.

关 键 词：农牧一体化 农田生产力 杂草 生物多样性 玉米基本性状 鹅 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S835