基于水量平衡下的灌区用水计划编制方法综述  

Review on methods for water use planning in irrigation districts based on water balance

作　　者：丰尔蔓 李援农[1] 胡战峰 杨靖 闵迪 FENG Erman;LI Yuannong;HU Zhanfeng;YANG Jing;MIN Di(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Shaanxi Taoqupo Reservoir Irrigation Center, Tongchuan, Shaanxi 727031, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省桃曲坡水库灌溉中心,陕西铜川727031

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2022年第3期294-301,共8页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51979235);陕西省农业科技创新集成推广项目(NYKJ-2019-YL58)。

摘　　要：为了精准指导农田灌溉,合理优化渠系输配水,提高水资源的利用率、灌区的管理水平和总效益,对灌区用水计划的编制方法展开了理论研究.将用水计划的编制过程概括为实时灌溉预报和渠系配水两部分,分别进行归纳整理和分析.在对国内灌区用水计划的编制方式进行了解的基础上,着重介绍了利用土壤水分平衡方程进行实时灌溉预报的方法,总结各参数预测值和计算修正值的获取方法,分析对比各方法的适用范围,提炼普遍灌区实时灌溉预报中适用的方法.为了优化田间渠系配水次序和配水量,以保证作物得到及时有效灌溉,归纳总结了国内灌区常用的渠系配水模型,论述了常见的目标函数及相关约束的选取原则,并指出其局限性和可能的发展趋势.研究结果可为各灌区进行实时灌溉预报和建立优化配水模型提供借鉴与参考.In order to accurately guide farmland irrigation,reasonably optimize canal system water transmission and distribution,and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources,management level and overall benefit of irrigation area.The preparation method of water use plan in irrigation area was studied theoretically.The preparation process of water use plan was summarized into two parts:real-time irrigation prediction and canal water distribution.Based on the understanding of water use planning in domestic irrigation areas,it mainly focuses on the methods of real-time irrigation prediction using soil water balance equation.Summarize the acquisition methods of predicted values and calculated correction values of various parameters.Analyze and compare the application scope of various methods in irrigation districts.Extract and purify the applicable methods in real-time irrigation prediction in general irrigation areas.In order to optimize the water distribution sequence and quantity of field canal system,so as to ensure the timely and effective irrigation of crops.The common canal water distribution models in domestic irrigation areas,discussed the selection principles of objective functions and related constraints,and pointed out the limitations and possible development trend was summarized.The research results can provide reference for the real-time irrigation prediction and establishment of optimal water distribution model in each irrigation area.

关 键 词：灌区用水管理 用水计划 土壤水分平衡方程 实时灌溉预报 渠系配水模型 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]