云贵高原参考作物蒸散量时空特征及成因分析  

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and attribution analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration in Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau

作　　者：刘泉杉 吴宗俊 崔宁博[1,2,3] 朱世丹 郑顺生 LIU Quanshan;WU Zongjun;CUI Ningbo;ZHU Shidan;ZHENG Shunsheng(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China;Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China;Key Lab for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066 [3]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2022年第3期302-310,共9页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400206-03);国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金资助项目(51922072);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779161,51009101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2019CDLZ-10,2020CDDZ-19)。

摘　　要：为了探究云贵高原地区参考作物蒸散量(ET_(0))的时空分布特征,基于云贵高原42个代表性气象站点近56 a(1961—2016年)逐日气象数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验探究ET_(0)主要的气象驱动因子,并运用多元回归分析量化了各气象因子对ET_(0)的贡献率.结果表明:云贵高原近56 a风速和气温呈逐年上升趋势,增幅分别为0.0012(m·s^(-1))/a和0.018℃/a,太阳辐射和相对湿度呈下降趋势,降幅分别为0.0073(MJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1))/a和0.0746%/a;近56 a来ET_(0)整体呈波动式上升趋势,增幅为0.2871 mm/a,空间分布西高东低,差异特征显著,西部地区24个站点年均ET_(0)为1100~1200 mm,东部18个站点年均ET_(0)为843~950 mm;在春、秋、冬季太阳辐射是云贵高原ET_(0)的主要驱动因子,夏季气温是ET_(0)的主要驱动因子,全年各气象因子对ET_(0)贡献率n按驱动因子由大到小排序为太阳辐射(R_(s)),气温(T_(mean)),相对湿度(RH),风速(u_(2)),因此太阳辐射是影响云贵高原ET_(0)变化的主导驱动因子.In order to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of reference crop evapotranspiration(ET_(0))in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau,based on the daily meteorological data of 42 representative meteorological stations in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau in recent 56 years(1961—2016),Mann-Kendall test was used to explore the main meteorological driving factors of ET_(0),and multiple regression analysis was used to quantify the contribution rate of each meteorological factor to ET_(0).The results show that:the wind speed and temperature have increased year by year during the past 56 years,with the increase rate of 0.0012(m·s^(-1))/a and 0.018°C/a,respectively.The solar radiation and relative humidity have shown a downward trend,with the decrease rate of 0.0073(MJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1))/a and 0.0746%/a,respectively,in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau.Over the past 56 years,ET_(0)has shown a fluctuating upward trend,with an increase rate of 0.2871 mm/a.The spatial distribution of ET_(0)in the west is higher than the east with significant difference characteristics.The annual average ET_(0)of 24 sites ranges from 1100 mm to 1200 mm in the western region,and annual average ET_(0)of 18 sites ranges from 843 mm to 950 mm in the eastern region.Solar radiation is the main driving factor of ET_(0)in spring,autumn and winter,and temperature is the main driving factor of ET_(0)in summer in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau.The annual contribution rate of various meteorological factors to ET_(0)throughout the year is ranked as solar radiation(R_(s)),air temperature(T_(mean)),relative humidity(RH),wind speed(u_(2)).Therefore,solar radiation is the dominant driving factor affecting ET_(0)changes in the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau.

关 键 词：云贵高原 Mann-Kendal检验 参考作物蒸散量 时空分布特征 贡献率 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]