学龄前儿童动作技能与注意集中和注意转移的相关性  

Correlation between motor skills and focused with shifting attention in preschool children

作　　者：胡静 顾佳怡 王文渊[1] 庞剑兰 马瑞[1] HU Jing;GU Jiayi;WANG Wenyuan;PANG Jianlan;MA Rui(College of Physical Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai(200234),China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学体育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第2期274-279,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(19YJA890019)。

摘　　要：目的探究学龄前儿童动作技能与注意集中和注意转移的相关性,为促进4~6岁学龄前儿童全面发展提供依据。方法2020年3—6月,以165名4~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,采用布尼氏动作技能熟练度测试(BOT-2)灵敏分量表和肢体双侧协调分量表、儿童动作技能测试量表(第2版)(MABC-2)抛接技能分量表和平衡分量表测试学龄前儿童肢体动作协调、手眼协调、灵敏和平衡四类动作技能;采用美国堪萨斯州学前儿童反射冲动量表(KRISP)和维度变化卡片分类任务(DCCS)评估被试注意集中和注意转移水平;采用相关分析和线性回归分析方法进行数理统计。结果除单手抛技能和注意转移指标外,男、女童在肢体动作协调总分、手眼协调总分、双手接、动作灵敏总分、动作平衡总分、静态支撑、踮脚走线、双脚跳、注意集中指标上,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-6.86,-2.00,-3.15,-3.75,-3.00,-2.95,-2.18,-2.11,-3.21,P值均<0.05),且女童优于男童;儿童肢体动作协调总分、手眼协调总分、双手接、动作灵敏、踮脚走线和注意集中指标随年龄的增长而得到提高(r值分别为0.47,0.41,0.47,0.51,0.16,0.31,P值均<0.05);排除性别、月龄两项变量干扰后,仅肢体动作协调总分与学龄前儿童注意集中呈正相关(β=0.31,95%CI=0.08~0.39,P<0.01)。结论4~6岁儿童肢体动作协调与注意集中呈正相关。学前教育和家庭亲子活动应重视肢体动作协调相关游戏、课程的设计与开发,以促进4~6岁学龄前儿童注意集中能力的提高和良好注意品质的形成。Objective To investigate correlations between motor skills with focused and shifting attention among preschool children,and to provide basis for the overall development of preschool children aged 4-6 years.Methods During March to June 2020,a total of 165 preschool children aged 4-6 years were selected and investigated with subscales of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2nd Edition(BOT-2)for agility and limb bilateral coordination assessment,and subscales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-test-2nd Edition(MABC-2)for throwing and catching skill assessment,as well as balance subscale for the assessment of limb movement coordination,hand-eye coordination,agility,and balance.The Kansas Reflection-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers for Pre-schoolers(KRISP)and Dimensional Change Card Sort(DCCS)were used to assess focused and shifting attention levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed for statistical analysis.Results Except for one-handed throwing skills and shifting attention,there were statistically significant gender differences between boys and girls in total score of body movement coordination,total score of hand-to-eye coordination,hand-to-hand connection,total score of agility of movement,total score of movement balance,static support,walking on tiptoe,foot-to-foot jump and focused attention(t=-6.86,-2.00,-3.15,-3.75,-3.00,-2.95,-2.18,-2.11,-3.21,P<0.05),and girls were better than boys;children's total score of body movement coordination,total score of hand-to-eye coordination,hand-to-hand connection,agility of movement,walking on tiptoe and focused attention improves with age(r=0.47,0.41,0.47,0.51,0.16,0.31,P<0.05);After excluding the interference of gender and age,total score of body movement coordination was significantly correlated with preschool children's focused attention(β=0.31,95%CI=0.08-0.39,P<0.01).Conclusion Limb movement coordination and focused attention are significantly and positively correlated among preschool children aged 4-6 years.Therefore

关 键 词：运动技能 注意力 生长和发育 回归分析 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学] R179[文化科学—体育学]