育苗温室辣根素消毒处理效果研究  

The Disinfection Effect of Allyl Isothiocyanate Applied in Nursery Greenhouse

作　　者：赵立群[1] 田文 田雅楠[1] 曹玲玲[1] 徐秀兰[3] ZHAO Liqun;TIAN wen;TIAN Yanan;CAO Lingling;XU Xiulan(Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 100029;College of Plant Pathology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100093;Beijing Vegetable Research Center,Supervision Inspection and Test Center of Vegetable Seed Quality/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [2]中国农业大学植物病理系,北京100093 [3]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,农业农村部北京蔬菜种子质量监督检验测试中心,北京100097

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第5期37-42,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市农业技术推广站“主要蔬菜绿色高效育苗技术集成与应用”项目(PXM2019_036204_000040_00355515_FCG);北京市农林科学院公益检测机构专项基金(yzx002)。

摘　　要：辣根素是从十字花科植物中提取的一类次生代谢产物,是一种新型速效、高效和低毒农药。本研究选取北京大兴区、通州区的3个育苗专用日光温室开展试验,研究了辣根素药剂喷雾处理方式下日光温室消毒效果。通过对比消毒处理前后温室内环境、设施设备表面微生物的数量及种类,发现消毒处理后温室沉降平板真菌、细菌数量均显著降低;另外,棚膜及苗床表面细菌总量均有所下降,其中部分温室育苗床表面消毒前后细菌数量差异显著;进一步结合真菌形态与ITS序列分析鉴定主要分离真菌有:Alternaria属、Curvularia属、Rhizopus属、Aspergillus属、Penicillium属,其中含有Alternaria tenuissima、Alternaria alternate 2类链格孢属植物致病菌,其数量和分离比率在消毒处理后均有所降低。本研究证明,辣根素作为育苗温室消毒药剂对温室环境及设施表面有较好的消毒效果。Allyl isothiocyanate is a secondary metabolite extracted from Brassicaceae plants and used as a new pesticide with features of quick-acting,high-efficiency and low-toxicity.Three greenhouses from Beijing Daxing and Tongzhou were selected for the testing.The efficacy of Allyl isothiocyanate on greenhouse disinfection by spraying was studied.By comparing the population and type of microorganisms of indoor environment,facilities and equipment surface before and after the treatment,the results showed that the amount of fungi and bacteria in the air reduced significantly after disinfection treatment.The total amount of bacteria on the surface of the greenhouse film and the seedbed decreased,and the number of bacteria before and after disinfection on the surface of some greenhouse nursery beds was significantly different;the dominant fungi isolated in this experiment were Alternaria spp.,Curvularia spp.,Rhizopus spp.,Aspergillus spp.and Penicillium spp.Further test identified plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria tenuissima and Alternaria alternate,and both fungi reduced in population and isolation frequencies after the disinfection treatment.This result indicates that Allyl isothiocyanate application is an effective way for greenhouse disinfection.

关 键 词：辣根素 集约化育苗 日光温室 温室消毒 链格孢属 

分 类 号：S476.9[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]