气象要素对陇东塬区春玉米灌浆速度影响分析  

The Influence of Meteorological Factors on Grain Filling Speed of Spring Maize in the Plateau Area of Eastern Gansu

作　　者：周忠文[1,2] 张谋草 刘英 柳东慧 张红妮 张俊林 韩博 ZHOU Zhongwen;ZHANG Moucao;LIU Ying;LIU Donghui;ZHANG Hongni;ZHANG Junlin;HAN Bo(Institute of Arid Meteorology,CMA,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730020;Qingyang Meteorological Bureau,Qingyang,Gansu 745000;Heshui MeteorologicalBureau,Heshui,Gansu 745400)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730020 [2]庆阳市气象局,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]合水县气象局,甘肃合水745400

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第5期94-98,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“融合星-地多源数据的作物干旱过程定量监测方法研究”(42075120);中国气象局创新发展专项“农业气象试验站区域联合试验”(CXFZ2021Z059);甘肃省自然科学基金“基于星地多源数据的农业干旱过程定量监测方法研究”(20JR10RA448);庆阳市气象科技项目“陇东地膜玉米气象灾害风险评估及农业保险指数设计探讨”(QY2021-4),“夏季气候对春玉米发育期及产量的影响研究”(QY2021-10)。

摘　　要：为了研究气象要素对陇东塬区春玉米灌浆速度的影响,利用2018—2020年全国农业气象试验站西峰试验点玉米分期播种作物资料及气象资料,分析气象因素与玉米灌浆的关系。结果表明:灌浆速度与灌浆天数变化呈二次曲线,开花始期后第24天开始到第46天是百粒重增长最快时间段,开花后第38天灌浆速度达到高峰;影响灌浆速度的主要气象因子有平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、气温日较差及日照时数、空气湿度和降水量;温度和日照的影响呈现正效应,湿度和降水影响呈现负效应;应根据当年的气候年型综合来确定玉米适宜播种期,使玉米百粒重快速增长期与庆阳高温少雨时段重合,避开多雨寡照天气的影响,从而通过调整播期来减轻或避免灾害造成损失,达到玉米稳产、高产的目的。To study the influence of meteorological factors on spring maize grain filling speed in the plateau area of eastern Gansu Province,the authors used maize sowing data and meteorological data in Xifeng test site of the National Agrometeorological Experimental Station from 2018 to 2020,to analyze the relationship between meteorological factors and maize grain filling.The results showed that the variation of grain-filling speed and grain-filling days presented a quadratic curve.The 100-grain weight increased the fastest from the 24th to 46th day after flowering,and the grain filling speed reached the peak on the 38th day after flowering.The main meteorological factors affecting the grain filling speed included the average temperature,the maximum temperature,the minimum temperature,daily range of temperature,sunshine hours,air humidity and precipitation.Temperature and sunshine had positive effects,while humidity and precipitation had negative effects.The suitable sowing time of maize should be determined according to the climate of the year,so that the rapid growth period of the 100-grain weight could coincide with the period of high temperature and little rain in Qingyang,avoiding the influence ofthe weather with more rain andless sunlight,thus achieving stable and high yield.

关 键 词：气象因素 陇东塬区 春玉米 灌浆速度 

分 类 号：S162.53[农业科学—农业气象学]