苦瓜植株水浸提液对水稻种子萌发和秧苗生长的影响  

Plant Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia:Effects on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

作　　者：李雪枫[1] 王坚[1] 叶晓园 张秀婷 王丽学[2] LI Xuefeng;WANG Jian;YE Xiaoyuan;ZHANG Xiuting;WANG Lixue(Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province,College of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;Information Institute,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300192)

机构地区：[1]海南大学林学院/海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海口570228 [2]天津市农业科学院信息研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第6期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：海南省科学基金项目“柱花草对邻近植物的识别与生物响应机制研究”(319MS016);海南省重大科技专项“海南稻菜轮作制度下农业面源污染减排技术研究与示范”(ZDKJ2017002-1)。

摘　　要：旨在明确苦瓜植株对后茬水稻的化感作用潜力,为稻菜轮作制度的应用提供指导。以苦瓜植株残体为试验材料,用培养皿法和水培法研究其水浸提液对3种水稻(‘特籼占25’、‘博Ⅱ优818’和‘Ⅱ优129’)种子萌发和秧苗生长的影响。结果表明:水浸提液仅在浓度达0.20 g/mL时降低了3种水稻种子的发芽率,降低‘博Ⅱ优818’和‘Ⅱ优129’的种子活力指数,使‘特籼占25’的平均发芽时间延长1.13天,但发芽抑制率<20%、活力指数抑制率<30%。虽然水浸提液以剂量效应抑制‘特籼占25’秧苗根系伸长,但有利于3种秧苗的总生物量向地上部分配;浓度≤0.15 g/mL时对苗高和总生物量无影响或有促进效应,浓度达0.20 g/mL时对总生物量的抑制率<28%。综合说明苦瓜对后茬水稻的化感抑制效应较弱。The aim is to clarify the allelopathic potential of Momordica charantia plants on succeeding rice and provide guidance for the application of rice-vegetable rotation system.The experiment was conducted with plant residues of M.charantia as experimental materials,the allelopathic effects of its aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of three rice varieties(‘Texianzhan 25’,‘BoⅡyou 818’and‘Ⅱyou 129’)were studied by petri dish and water culture methods.The results showed that the germination rates of the three rice varieties’seeds were reduced when the concentration of aqueous extract only reached 0.20 g/mL,the seed vigor indexes of‘BoⅡyou 818’and‘Ⅱyou 129’were reduced,and the average germination time of‘Texianzhan 25’was prolonged by 1.13 days,but the germination inhibition rate was less than 20%and the seed vigor index inhibition rate was less than 30%.Although the root elongation of‘Texianzhan 25’seedlings was inhibited by dose-dependent effect,the aqueous extract was beneficial to the distribution of the total biomass of the three rice varieties’seedlings to the aboveground parts.The aqueous extract with concentration≤0.15 g/mL had no effect or promoting effect on seedling height and total biomass,and the inhibition rate of total biomass was less than 28%when the concentration reached 0.20 g/mL.Therefore,the allelopathic inhibition effect of M.charantia on succeeding rice is weak.

关 键 词：苦瓜 种子活力指数 平均发芽时间 水稻秧苗生长 生物量分配 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]