渭北高原小麦育种的演变与展望  

Evolution and Prospect of Wheat Breeding in Weibei Rainfed Highland Region of China

作　　者：梁增基[1] 慕芳 王楠 LIANG Zengji;MU Fang;WANG Nan(Changwu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Changwu,Shaanxi 713600;Changwu County Dry-farming Wheat Breeding Trial Center,Changwu,Shaanxi 713600)

机构地区：[1]长武县农业技术推广中心,陕西长武713600 [2]长武县旱作小麦育种试验中心,陕西长武713600

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第6期8-14,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部成果转化项目(国科发农社字【2005】380号);省科学技术研究发展计划(89-98K01-Q1-01);陕西省“九五”国家科技攻关项目(96-002-03);陕西省科技攻关项目(2004K01-Q3,陕农牧8401,陕农科办发(1991)02号);农业部863计划(国科农社函(2005)50号文件)。

摘　　要：旨在解决渭北高原历史上小麦生产十年有九年灾害严重、产量低而不稳的问题。1964年自创条件开展小麦育种。所育品种在抗性、高产上有独特优势,推广后对当地小麦生产品种进行了4次更新换代,克服了锈、冻、旱、倒、黄矮病等严重灾害,产量从20世纪60年代的750~900 kg/hm^(2)提高到现在的6000~7500 kg/hm^(2)。本研究总结出5点育种经验,根据这些育种经验和新的生产发展,对本区小麦育种的前景作了展望。Aiming at the agricultural damages caused by severe natural disasters,and low and unstable yield in wheat production in the history of Weibei rainfed highland region,we started to breed new wheat varieties from 1964.The wheat varieties have unique advantages in resistance to yellow rust and yellow dwarf diseases,and tolerance to cold,drought and lodging.The varieties also have a high yield potential.The promotion of these varieties has brought variety upgrading in the region for four times,resulting in a dramatic increase of wheat yield from 750-900 kg/hm^(2) in 1960s to 6000-7500 kg/hm^(2) at present.In the study,we summarized wheat breeding experiences for Weibei rainfed highland region based on the breeding practices of the past years,and discussed the prospects for wheat breeding designed for this region.

关 键 词：渭北高原 小麦育种 抗性 高产 

分 类 号：S33[农业科学—作物遗传育种]