天问一号VLBI测定轨技术  

VLBI technique for the orbit determination of Tianwen-1

作　　者：刘庆会[1] 黄勇[1] 舒逢春[1] 王广利[1] 张娟[1] 陈中[1] 李培佳[1] 马茂莉[1] 洪晓瑜[1] LIU QingHui;HUANG Yong;SHU FengChun;WANG GuangLi;ZHANG Juan;CHEN Zhong;LI PeiJia;MA MaoLi;HONG XiaoYu(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2022年第3期67-77,共11页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:11973074,11773060,U1931119,U1931135);国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2018YFA0404702);上海市导航与定位重点实验室(编号:3912DZ227330001);中国科学院射电天文重点实验室;国家基础科学公共科学数据中心(编号:NBSDC-DB-11)资助项目。

摘　　要：自2020年7月23日天问一号探测器发射开始,我国VLBI网一直对天问一号环绕器进行测定轨,并对祝融号火星车进行了测定位.为了满足天问一号高精度测定轨要求,完成了40多台套的软件和硬件的研发、测试和安装,并综合采用了多项技术.截至2021年6月18日,共进行了198次VLBI观测. VLBI时延平均测量误差为0.11 ns,时延率平均测量误差为0.33 ps/s.利用测距测速和VLBI数据,地火转移段和火星捕获段,天问一号测定轨误差约为2 km,环火段测定轨误差约为1 km,火星车定位精度为km级. VLBI为天问一号环绕器的轨道修正、深空机动、火星捕获、远火机动、离轨着陆等各个测控弧段的精密测定轨均做出了重要贡献,并为今后其他深空探测器精密测定轨打下了良好基础.本文对天问一号VLBI网的技术升级、VLBI测定轨技术分析、VLBI测定轨实施情况予以介绍.Since the launch of the Tianwen-1 probe on July 23, 2020, the orbit of this probe has been determined using very long baseline interferometry(VLBI) together with Doppler and ranging, and the Zhurong Mars rover has been located. More than 40 software and hardware sets have been developed, tested, and installed for VLBI to meet the Tianwen-1 highprecision orbit determination requirements. Until June 18, 2021, 198 VLBI observations have been performed. The measurement errors in VLBI time delay and time delay rate are 0.11 ns and 0.33 ps/s, respectively. The orbit error of Tianwen-1 during the interplanetary cruise is ~2 km, and it is ~1 km around Mars. Additionally, the positioning accuracy of the Mars rover is several km. VLBI has made important contributions to trajectory correction, deep-space, near Mars capture, and far Mars maneuvers, Mars landing, etc. It has laid a good foundation for future deep-space probe precision orbit determination. Therefore, this paper introduces the technical upgrade of the VLBI network and presents the analysis and implementation of VLBI measurement and orbit determination.

关 键 词：天问一号 火星探测器 VLBI 测定轨 测定位 

分 类 号：V476.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]