团头鲂三倍体的微卫星遗传特征及生长性能分析  

Analysis of Microsatellite Markers and Growth Performance in Artificial Triploid of Blunt Snout Bream Megalobrama amblycephala

作　　者：李宝玉 郑国栋[1] 崔文涛 陈杰[1] 邹曙明[1] LI Baoyu;ZHENG Guodong;CUI Wentao;CHEN Jie;ZOU Shuming(Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部团头鲂遗传育种中心,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产科学》2022年第2期173-182,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31572220,32002381);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD26B00)。

摘　　要：为研究团头鲂三倍体育种,对团头鲂三倍体和二倍体2个群体进行微卫星遗传结构特征分析和生长性能比较。利用筛选得到的20个微卫星标记对团头鲂三倍体和二倍体进行遗传多样性分析。试验结果表明,团头鲂三倍体、二倍体的平均等位基因数分别为2.75、3.05,平均期望杂合度分别为0.5061、0.5412,平均多态信息含量分别为0.4249、0.4378。团头鲂2种倍性群体的大多数位点均表现为偏离哈迪—温伯格平衡,多数位点的遗传偏离指数显示杂合子过量。筛选出2个群体特异性标记TTF1和Mam-EST110,可区分二倍体和三倍体2个群体。同时通过2个群体的生长对比试验,对团头鲂三倍体的生长性能进行评价。试验结果显示,团头鲂三倍体相对于二倍体出现了等位基因缺失、杂合度下降的现象。此外,三倍体与二倍体在1龄阶段生长速度无显著差异(P>0.05),而在2龄阶段三倍体的平均体质量和绝对质量增加率均显著高于二倍体(P<0.05),表现出明显的生长优势。研究结果对团头鲂三倍体遗传结构研究、倍性鉴定以及三倍体育种工作的进一步开展具有参考意义。In order to guide the breeding of the artifical triploid of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala,the extent of genetic diversity of the triploid was compared with diploid breams by using the microsatellite.The growth performance were also analysed and the genetic variations were assessed in the triploid and diploid stocks based on the selected 20 microsatellite loci.The PCR products were isolated by polyacrylamide gel,and the microsatellite alleles were artificially identified and analyzed.The mean number of alleles for triploid and diploid breams were 2.75 and 3.05,the mean values of expected heterozygosity were 0.5061 and 0.5412,and the average of polymorphic information content were 0.4249 and 0.4378,respectively.Most of the loci of the two ploidy populations of blunt snout bream deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,and the genetic deviation index of most loci showed excessive heterozygosity.By randomly selecting individuals in the two populations,primers TTF1 and Mam;ST110 were identitied in the two populations.The growth performance of the triploid and diploid stocks showed that triploid breams had allelic deletion and decreased heterozygosity.The average weight and absolute weight gain rate were significantly higher in triploid at 18 months than that in diploid(P<0.05),showing obvious growth performance.The findings have reference significance for the study of the genetic structure of triploids,the identification of ploidy and the further development of the breeding of triploid fish.

关 键 词：团头鲂 三倍体 微卫星 遗传结构 生长性能 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学]