轨道车辆用高分子保温材料燃烧行为研究与火灾危险性评价  

Fire Behavior and Fire Hazard Evaluation of Thermal Insulation Polymer Materials for Rail Transit Vehicles

作　　者：赵震 于全蕾 李旭光 倪延强 黄国斌 Zhao Zhen;Yu Quanlei;Li Xuguang;Ni Yanqiang;Huang Guobin(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司,山东青岛266031

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2022年第3期125-129,共5页Engineering Plastics Application

摘　　要：选取三种典型的轨道车辆用高分子保温材料,借助NBS烟密度箱、傅里叶变换红外烟气毒性测试系统、锥形量热仪和火焰蔓延测试仪,分别从产烟、气体毒性、热释放以及火焰蔓延4个方面对材料的燃烧行为进行了分析研究,测得材料的烟密度最大值、毒性指数最大值、最大平均热释放速率、放热总量、火焰蔓延最远距离等燃烧特征参数,运用层次分析法建立了适用于轨道车辆高分子保温材料的火灾危险评价模型,解决了单方法评价不充分的难点,填补了轨道交通高分子材料火灾危险性评价的空白。结果表明,橡塑海绵的火灾危险性最高,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯泡沫次之,三聚氰胺泡沫的火灾危险性最低。Three kinds of typical thermal insulation polymer materials for rail transit vehicles were selected,the fire behavior of the materials were analyzed and studied from four aspects of smoke generation,gas toxicity,heat release and flame spread with the help of NBS smoke density box,Fourier infrared toxicity test system,cone calorimeter and flame spread tester.Meanwhlie,the fire reaction characteristic parameters such as maximum smoke density(D_(s)max)the maximum of specific optical density,the conventional index of toxicity,the maximum average rate of heat emission,total heat release and the farthest distance of flame spread,etc were measured.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to establish a fire hazard evaluation model suitable for thermal insulation polymer materials for rail vehicles to overcome the deficiency of single test method evaluation and fill the gap in fire hazard evaluation of rail transit polymer materials.The results show that the rubber-plastic sponge has the highest fire hazard,followed by poly(ethylene terephthalate)foam and melamine resin foam has the lowest fire hazard.

关 键 词：轨道交通车辆 高分子保温材料 燃烧行为 层次分析法 火灾危险性 

分 类 号：TQ328.1[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]