瑕疵出资股权转让合同中受让人的风险识别与权利救济  

Risk Identification and Right Relief of the Transferee in the Defective Investment'Equity Transfer Contract

作　　者：刘斌 LIU Bin

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2022年第1期141-150,共10页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：瑕疵出资股权转让合同由于涉及多重法律关系,受让人存在承担公司资本充实与公司债务补偿的双重风险,需证明其不存在“明知或者应知”转让人存在瑕疵出资的情形,才可免除责任风险。在公司资本充实责任风险下,鉴于资本充实责任是一种管理性强制性规定,法律赋予受让人对出让人的资本充实风险有明确的审查义务,若转让人因此而提出解除股权转让合同,合同效力不受影响,受让人可以主张权利抗辩,并享有行使股东派生诉讼的权利。而在公司债务补偿责任风险下,往往面临着法律适用冲突的风险,不能简单适用特别法优于一般法的规则,应综合考虑受让人的利益保护。虽然认缴资本制下出资人可以在出资期限到来之前转让股权,这加剧了受让人主观判断的风险,但受让人可以在适当的情形下通过否定公司独立人格确定转让人的责任范围。在排除受让人主观上存在“明知或者应知”转让人瑕疵出资的可能性后,受让人在遵循股权特有属性的基础上可以类推适用《民法典》第615条的规定,基于股权转让合同关系选择主张转让股东继续履行出资义务。The transferee has to bear double risks of the company's capital enrichment and the company's debt compensation,for there are multiple legal relations involved in the defective investment'equity transfer contract.It is necessary to prove that there is no"Know what or ought to know"of the defective funding'equity transfer contract,so the transferee has been exempt from liability risks.In liability for the capital providing,which is an administrative mandatory provision,the transferee has the legal obligation to examine this kind of risk,and the legal right to defense the validity of contract and to litigate shareholder's derivative action.However,interest protection of the transferee should be comprehensively considered under the circumstances of debt compensation,for simply use the rule the special law is superior to the common law is not accepted.Even though the investor can transfer the equity before the capital contribution period,an existing rule under the subscription capital system,aggravates the risk of the transferee's subjective judgment,the transferee could specify the scope of liability of the assignor by disregard of the corporate personality under appropriate condition.After eliminating the possibility that the transferee subjectively"Know or ought to know"the assignor's defective contribution,the transferee can apply article 615 of the Civil Code by analogy,on the basis of specific characteristics of equity,and claim that the equity transfer contract should be continuing fulfilled by the assignor.

关 键 词：瑕疵出资股权转让合同 受让人 资本充实责任 公司债务 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学] D922.291.91[政治法律—法学]