2020年青岛市饮水型地方性氟中毒防治效果分析  

Effect of water improvement project on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao in 2020

作　　者：窦晓娟 纪锋颖 冯恩强 柳素珍 李学奎 谌翠苓 石李梅 Dou Xiaojuan;Ji Fengying;Feng Enqiang;Liu Suzhen;Li Xuekui;Shen Cuiling;Shi Limei(Department of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases,Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省青岛市疾病预防控制中心地方病与寄生虫病防制科,青岛266000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2022年第2期126-129,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的了解青岛市改水降氟工程运转和使用情况,掌握饮水型地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)病区村水氟含量和儿童氟斑牙患病情况,评价防控效果。方法2020年4-10月,对全市7个饮水型地氟病病区市(区)进行以村为单位的全覆盖监测,包括调查改水降氟工程运转和使用现状、检测病区村水氟含量及普查8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,并按照饮水型地氟病控制评价内容和判定标准对青岛市饮水型地氟病防治效果进行评价。结果全市共调查了1146个病区村,改水率为100.00%(1146/1146),正常供水率为99.91%(1145/1146)。水氟含量合格的病区村共1130个,水氟合格率为98.60%(1130/1146)。全市共检查病区村8~12岁儿童23473人,检出氟斑牙儿童631人,氟斑牙检出率为2.69%(631/23473),氟斑牙指数为0.048,流行程度为阴性。水氟含量超标病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率(7.03%,40/569)高于水氟含量合格病区村(2.58%,591/22904,χ2=41.235,P<0.01)。结论青岛市7个饮水型地氟病病区市(区)改水降氟工程运转和使用情况良好,儿童氟斑牙检出率较低,均已达到国家控制标准。Objective To assess the operation and usage conditions of all water improvement projects in Qingdao,master the water fluoride content and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages,evaluate the prevention and control effect of water improvement project.Methods From April to October in 2020,all drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages in 7 cities(districts)of Qingdao were selected to investigate the operation and usage conditions of water improvement project,water fluoride and prevalence of dental fluorosis of 8 to 12 years old children.The prevention and control effect of water improvement project on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao was evaluated according to the control contents and criteria of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis.Results There were 1146 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis villages,the water improved rate of villages was 100.00%(1146/1146),the rate of normal operation of water improvement project was 99.91%(1145/1146).There were 1130 villages with qualified water fluoride and the qualified rate was 98.60%(1130/1146).A total of 23473 children aged 8-12 years old were examined,and 631 children were detected with dental fluorosis.The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 2.69%(631/23473),the dental fluorosis index was 0.048,and the prevalence was negative.The detection rate of dental fluorosis of children in villages with excessive water fluoride(7.03%,40/569)was higher than that in villages with qualified water fluoride(2.58%,591/22904,χ2=41.235,P<0.01).Conclusion The operation and usage conditions of water improvement projects in 7 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis cities(districts)in Qingdao are good,and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children is low,which has reached the national control standard.

关 键 词：氟中毒 牙 改水工程 饮水 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]