突尼斯软籽石榴果实生长发育及其品质形成规律研究  

Growth and development of Tunisia soft seed pomegranate and its quality formation regulation

作　　者：胡青霞[1] 冯梦晨 陈延惠[1] 郭强 简在海[1] 史江莉[1] 万然 郑先波[1] HU Qingxia;FENG Mengchen;CHEN Yanhui;GUO Qiang;JIAN Zaihai;SHI Jiangli;WANRan;ZHENG Xianbo(College of Horticultuwre,Henan Agriculture University/Henan Laboratory Frnit and Cucurbit Biology,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,Chi-na;Agricultuwre and Rural Affairs Bureau of Qi County,Qi County 456750,Henan,China;'Jmnmailang Food Co.,Ld,Xingtai 054000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院·河南省果树瓜类生物学重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]淇县农业农村局,河南淇县456750 [3]今麦郎食品股份有限公司,河北邢台054000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第3期426-438,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：河南省科技攻关(132102110040);河南省现代农业产业体系大宗水果产业技术创新团队(S2014-11-G02,Z2014-11-03);河南省高等学校科技创新团队(19IRTSTHN009)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确河南省荥阳丘陵山地主栽石榴品种突尼斯软籽石榴的品质形成关键时期,确定采收成熟度的判断指标。【方法】挑选花期基本一致的筒状花进行标记,幼果期开始定期测定所选样品的纵、横径,采集样本带回实验室测定其品质相关指标及对籽粒的偏好性,并对各指标进行主成分分析和相关分析。【结果】果实纵横径均呈现双“S”形的变化趋势;果形指数呈下降趋势,成熟时降为0.89;果实发育中平均单果质量经历3次迅速增长期,花后123 d时与最大值无显著差异;百粒重整体呈上升趋势,最终可达67.72 g;SSC呈双“S”形上升趋势,花后108 d已达15.4%,与花后118 d时的(16.0%)无显著差异;TA在花后123d~131 d下降迅速,后者TA显著低于前者;pH值在花后118 d后迅速上升,固酸比在花后123 d后迅速上升。籽粒的偏好性在9月2日已达到最佳。果实外观a值于花后108~118 d显著增加,籽粒色泽的显著增加比果皮色泽的增加要早10 d左右。籽粒花色苷含量呈双“S”形变化趋势,近成熟期日均增长幅度最大(10.9%);籽粒的a值基本与花色苷含量变化同步,而L值随籽粒的着色在近成熟期呈显著下降趋势。平均单果质量、果皮色泽L值、SSC和籽粒色泽a值可作为品质评价的主要因子;各因子之间除果皮色泽L值外,均存在极显著的正相关关系,同时各因子又与果皮色泽a值和籽粒花色苷含量呈极显著的正相关关系,而与籽粒色泽L值呈显著的负相关关系。【结论】突尼斯软籽石榴在河南荥阳纵横径及质量增长均呈现双“S”形变化趋势;综合品质增长幅度最大的时期是花后99~108 d;花后118 d,基本表现该品种应有的特征,此后,着色及固酸比增加迅速,但籽粒L值显著下降。果皮色泽L值、SSC、籽粒色泽a值和L值可作为判断成熟度的可靠指标。【Objective】Tunisia soft seed pomegranate has developed into one of the main industries in Xinyang, Henan province, and has been introduced to other areas in China. With the development of Tunisia soft seed pomegranate industry, many problems encountered in the production restrict its sustainable development. One of the main problems is that there is an ambigious standard on harvesting maturity. Some fruits are harvested early according to the market demand, which undermines the expectation of this cultivar of consumers. Some fruits are harvested late based on their appearance and aril color which results in poor storage property. Fruit is harvested with no maturity guide, resulting in large differences in quality, which causes confusion in marketing. The objective of this research is to study the quality development and its regulation in fruit of Tunisia soft seed pomegranate and analyse the correlations among quality indicators during fruit development. The results will provide guidance of maturity for harvest and to provide reference for cultivation management in order to improve fruit quality.【Methods】The tubular flowers(hermaphrodite flowers with well-developing pistil) with the same flowering period were selected and labeled, and the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruit from the labeled flowers were measured in field at regular intervals. Samples were taken back to the laboratory immediately to measure their quality indexes, such as average weight, specific weight, rate of aril to fruit,100-aril weight, soluble solid content(SSC), titratable acid(TA), pH, L, a and b values, anthocyanins,and their aril sensory quality. The principal component and correlation analysis were then performed.【Results】During fruit development of Tunisia soft seed pomegranate, the longitudinal and transverse diameters both showed a double S trend, and the growth of the transverse diameter was much greater than that of longitudinal diameter(up to 25%). The fruit shape index displayed a downward trend and dec

关 键 词：石榴 突尼斯软籽 生长发育 品质 

分 类 号：S665.4[农业科学—果树学]