明洪武朝文人心态与文风嬗变  

The Literati’s Mentality and the Change of Writing Style in Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：陈昌云 CHEN Chang-yun(School of Liberal Arts,Huaiyin Normal University,Huai'an,Jiangsu,223300)

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院文学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期121-129,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于新见史料的朱元璋文学研究”(17BZW106)。

摘　　要：大明开国之初,朱元璋大力整顿士风文风,力图重建汉唐盛世文治局面。在思想高压和文化专制下,洪武朝文人的政治心态几经转变,从元末失望与旁观到初期感恩与期待,再到中期逢迎与忧惧,直至晚期自保与麻木。一朝文风也随之嬗变,从初期的尊台阁贬山林,到中期的颂世与感伤并存,终陷末期的僵化与简直。朱元璋强力推行的洪武朝文学改良运动,虽然在改造士人精神面貌、培育雅正文风方面取得成效,但他所期待的忠贞文臣和盛世文风并未出现,反而导致文人生存境遇和文学生态极度恶化,明初文学由高潮陷入低谷。At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang made great efforts to rectify the literary style of scholars, trying hard to rebuild the situation of literary creation as prosperous as the times of the Han and Tang Dynasties.Under the increasing ideological pressure and cultural autocracy, the political mentality of the scholars during his reign changed several times, from disappointment and watching at the end of the Yuan Dynasty to gratitude and expectation at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, to flattery and fear in the middle of his reign period, and then to selfprotection and numbness to the end of his reign period. The style of writing evolved accordingly, from esteeming the Taige style(The main purpose of the creation is to whitewash peace and praise merit. The style is mainly poetry and prose, pursuing "grace and elegance") while belittling Shanlin style(generally refers to literary works focusing on describing mountain and forest scenery in the past, focusing on parallel and even rhythms, piling up allusions and words, and writing about obscure content), to the coexistence of eulogy and sentimentality, and finally to rigidity and simplicity. His literary reform transformed the spirit of scholars and made achievements in cultivating the elegant and upright style of writings, but the loyal officials and prosperous style he expected did not emerge. On the contrary,it leads to the extreme deterioration of literary life and literary ecology.

关 键 词：洪武朝 朱元璋 文人心态 文风嬗变 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]