基于330 MW亚临界燃煤锅炉吹灰器技术改造的研究  

Research on Technical Transformation of Soot Blower Based on 330 MW Subcritical Coal Fired Boiler

作　　者：陈晓龙 吴炬 宋大勇 段祺友 CHEN Xiaolong;WU Ju;SONG Dayong;DUAN Qiyou(China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210046,China;Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang,Liaoning 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,江苏南京210046 [2]沈阳工业大学,辽宁沈阳110870

出　　处：《东北电力技术》2022年第2期6-11,共6页Northeast Electric Power Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0210200);国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司项目(SY2021Y001)。

摘　　要：介绍了某330 MW亚临界燃煤发电机组使用新型伸缩式蒸汽吹灰器替换原有声波式吹灰器的技术改造工程,包括蒸汽吹灰器原理、设计和改造实施方案。项目涉及更换吹灰器、调整蒸汽来源和实施受热面防磨保护等多项改造,通过机组运行指标、安全性和经济性3个方面的研究对技改效果进行评估。试验结果显示,在机组燃烧或掺混燃烧低灰熔点褐煤时,使用蒸汽吹灰器后各项运行指标与改造前相比均有所改善,锅炉的排烟温度降低了0.8~7.3℃,主蒸汽温度提高了1.5~6.5℃,再热蒸汽温度提高了1.1~7.9℃,锅炉热效率提高了0~0.5个百分点。研究表明,蒸汽吹灰器的合理吹扫,对于保障受热面清洁、调整机组运行指标参数具有一定作用。但是改造工程投资大收益小,改造后吹灰范围有局限性,运行维护成本高,同时可能会造成水冷壁管束不同程度的吹损,会加剧管束的热疲劳,增大了生产运行风险。针对电站锅炉蒸汽式吹灰器技术改造中存在的弊害和问题提出了建议,研究成果可为相关技术论证以及锅炉改造问题提供参考。It introduces the retrofitting project of a 330 MW subcritical coal-fired power unit using a new telescopic steam soot blower to replace the original acoustic soot blower from the perspective of case analysis,including the principle and design of steam soot blower,as well as the specific retrofitting implementation scheme.The project involves changing the type of soot blower,adjusting the source of steam,implementing the anti-wear protection of heating surface and other transformation projects,and evaluating the technical transformation effect from three aspects of operation index,safety and economy.The test results show that when the unit burns or blends lignite with low ash melting point,the operation indexes are improved after using the steam soot blower.The exhaust gas temperature of the boiler is reduced by 0.8~7.3℃,the main steam temperature is increased by 1.5~6.5℃,the reheat steam is increased temperature by 1.1~7.9℃,and the thermal efficiency of the boiler is increased by 0~0.5 percentage point.The research shows that the reasonable blowing of steam soot blower has a certain beneficial effect on ensuring the cleaning of heating surface and adjusting unit operation index parameters.However,the technical transformation project of transforming acoustic soot blowers into steam soot blowers has large investment,high operation and maintenance costs,and small income.After the transformation,the soot blowing scope is limited.At the same time,it may cause different degrees of blowing loss of water-cooled wall tube bundles,aggravate the thermal fatigue of tube bundles,and increase production and operation risks.It puts forward opinions and suggestions for the general disadvantages and problems existing in the technical transformation of steam soot blower of power plant boiler,and the research results can provide reference for relevant technical demonstration and boiler transformation problems.

关 键 词：受热面 吹损 伸缩式蒸汽吹灰器 锅炉 热疲劳 

分 类 号：TK229.6[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]