面向航天应用的液态金属相变传热性能研究  

Phase Change Heat Transfer Performance of Liquid Metal for Space Equipment Thermal Control

作　　者：张旭东 杨昌鹏[3] 于新刚[3] 王正义 刘静[1,2] ZHANG Xudong;YANG Changpeng;YU Xingang;WANG Zhengyi;LIU Jing(Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;School of Future Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control technology,Beijing 100094;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,中国科学院低温工程学重点实验室,低温生物医学工程学北京市重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,未来技术学院,北京100049 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,空间热控技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094 [4]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航材料工艺》2021年第6期17-23,共7页Aerospace Materials & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(91748206);国家载人航天办公室项目(921项目)。

摘　　要：为探究液态金属相变材料的适用范围,本文使用数值模拟手段,比较分析了以镓为代表的低熔点金属与以正十八烷为代表的石蜡类相变材料之间的传热性能。结果表明,镓更适用于应对瞬时高热流冲击,即高热流、短时间工作的电子设备散热;而正十八烷适用于低热流、较长时间工作的电子设备控温。此外,单位体积相变材料,镓模块的热控时间长于正十八烷模块;单位质量相变材料,镓模块在短时间内占优,长时间内正十八烷模块占优。针对潜在应用场景进行分析,表明了液态金属相变材料可用于航天天线TR组件和激光器芯片控温。Liquid metal is an attracting phase change material which has the advantages of high thermal conductivity,large volume latent heat and low volume expansion rate. It has potential application prospects in the field of aerospace thermal control. In order to explore the applicable scope of liquid metal phase change materials,the heat transfer performance and temperature control time between low melting point metal represented by gallium and paraffin phase change material represented by n-octadecane were compared and analyzed by numerical simulation.The results show that gallium module is more suitable to deal with transient high heat flux and short time operation of electronic electronic devices,while n-octadecane module is suitable for low heat flux and long-time operation of electronic devices. In addition,the thermal control time per unit volume of gallium module is longer than that of noctadecane module;for unit mass of phase change material,the gallium module is dominant in a short time and noctadecane module is dominant in a long time. The analysis of two space application scenarios shows that low melting point metal phase change materials can be used for antenna TR module and high power laser chip temperature control.

关 键 词：液态金属 相变传热 数值模拟 微重力 天线TR组件 激光芯片 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]