施氮对不同小麦品种光合荧光特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Fluorescence and Yield of Different Wheat Varieties

作　　者：方辉[1] 范贵强[1] 高永红[1] 丁银灯 张永强[1] 周安定[1] 贾中立 黄天荣[1] FANG Hui;FAN Guiqiang;GAO Yonghong;DING Yindeng;ZHANG Yongqiang;ZHOU Anding;JIA Zhongli;HUANG Tianrong(Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Heze Academy of agricultural sciences,Heze Shandong 274000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]菏泽市农业科学院,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第1期55-62,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“小麦生物育种创新工程”(2021A02001-1);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目“小麦氮高效种质资源筛选及SNP标记关联分析”(xjnkq-2021006);国家小麦产业技术体系喀什综合试验站(CARS-3-2-50)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究减氮处理对不同小麦品种光合特性、叶绿素荧光及产量的影响,为氮高效利用型小麦品种资源的选择提供理论基础。【方法】大田滴灌条件下,以冬小麦品种(品系)新冬20号、新冬40号、新冬57号、新冬60号、新粮801、新粮802和新粮803为材料,分析不施氮肥(N_(0))和正常施氮(N_(1))处理,对不同小麦品种叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、灌浆期旗叶光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性及产量性状的影响。【结果】减氮处理后,7个小麦品种的SPAD值表现为新冬60号>新粮803>新粮802>新冬20号>新冬40号>新粮801>新冬57号,新粮801的光合速率最高,达到17.07μmol/(m^(2)·s),新粮803的蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度和气孔导度均为最高,分别达到8.19 mmol/(m^(2)·s)、310.15μL/L和0.53 mol/(m^(2)·s);初始荧光强度(F_(O))最高的是新冬20号,最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))最高的是新粮803,产量则以新粮801和新粮802较高。【结论】减施氮肥显著降低了7个小麦品种的SPAD值,灌浆期的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及产量,新粮801、新粮802和新粮803在减氮处理时有着较强的光合作用能力,新粮803有较强的叶绿素荧光利用效能。【Objective】This project aims to study the influences of decreasing nitrogen about photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of different wheat varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the selection of wheat variety resources with high nitrogen efficiency.【Method】Under field conditions,Xindong 20,Xindong 40,Xindong 57,Xindong 60,Xinliang 801,Xinliang 802 and Xinliang 803 were used as experimental materials to study the effects of no nitrogen(N_(0))and normal nitrogen(N_(1))on the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield characteristics of flag leaves in different wheat varieties.【Result】After reducing the nitrogen,the SPAD values of seven wheat varieties were as follows:Xindong 60>Xinliang 803>Xinliang 802>Xindong 20>Xindong 40>Xinliang 801>Xindong 57.The highest photosynthetic rate of Xinliang 801 was 17.07μmol/(m^(2)·s),the transpiration rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration and stomatal conductance of Xinliang 803 were the highest,which were 8.19 mmol/(m^(2)·s),310.15μL/L and 0.53 mol/(m^(2)·s);The highest initial fluorescence intensity(F_(o))was found in Xindong 20,and Xinliang 803 has the highest photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))and actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ)).The yields of Xinliang 801 and Xinliang 802 were higher than those of other varieties.【Conclusion】The SPAD values,photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters during the filling stage and the yield of 7 wheat varieties are significantly reduced by reducing nitrogen.Xinliang 801,Xinliang 802 and Xinliang 803 have strong photosynthetic capacity in nitrogen reduction treatment,among which,Xinliang 803 has strong utilization efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence.

关 键 词：小麦 减氮 光合特性 荧光特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]