含重金属尾矿资源化利用研究进展  

Research progress on resource utilization of heavy metal tailings

作　　者：陈帮金 赵晨阳 瞿广飞[1,2] 吴丰辉 宁平 李志顺成[1,2] 刘珊 刘亮亮 李军燕 CHEN Bangjin;ZHAO Chenyang;QU Guangfei;WU Fenghui;NING Ping;LI Zhishuncheng;LIU Shan;LIU Liangliang;LI Junyan(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Waste Gas Resource Utilization in Metallurgy and Chemical Industry,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650500 [2]冶金及化工行业废气资源化国家地方联合工程研究中心,昆明650500

出　　处：《有色金属（矿山部分）》2022年第2期116-125,共10页NONFERROUS METALS(Mining Section）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801702);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51968033)。

摘　　要：随着矿产资源的不断开发,大量堆积的尾矿已经成为矿山废弃地和工农业用地重金属污染来源之一,基于国家和社会对生态环境保护的重视,含重金属尾矿已经严重制约了矿冶及相关行业的发展。综述了含重金属尾矿的危害并总结了近些年来基于土壤修复的尾矿重金属热脱附、淋洗、电动处理、微生物去除、多物理场强化去除技术,目前虽已进行了大量矿山充填、建材生产、生产高附加值材料及再选回收等方面的资源再利用,但仍存在综合利用率低和堆存量不断增加的问题。通过介绍尾矿基土壤中重金属稳定化处理的有关研究,总结改善含重金属尾矿理化性质的方法,如添加有机废物、生物炭和酸碱材料等,指出尾矿土壤化利用还应考虑其成分、理化特性及资源化成本等因素,表明基于低浓度重金属尾矿的资源化利用是提高尾矿综合利用及无害化处理的有效方法,进而实现土壤化利用更是解决尾矿堆积量大、持久性污染强、有机固体废物利用率低等问题的有效途径,对加强污染防治和绿色矿山建设、持续改善环境质量、坚持可持续发展具有重要意义。With the continuous development of mineral resources,a large number of accumulated tailings have become one of heavy metal pollution sources in abandoned mines and industrial and agricultural land.Based on the national and social attention to ecological environment protection,heavy metal tailings have seriously restricted the development of mining,metallurgy and related industries.This paper actively responds to the green development,summarizes the hazards of tailings containing heavy metals,and summarizes the thermal desorption,washing,electrokinetic remediation,microbial removal,and multi-physical field enhanced removal technologies of heavy metals in tailings based on soil remediation in recent years.At present,although a large number of resources have been reused in mine filling,building materials production,production of high added value materials,and re-election,there are still problems of low comprehensive utilization rate and increasing stock.The research on stabilization treatment of heavy metals in tailings-based soil was introduced.The improvement methods of physical and chemical properties of tailings containing heavy metals include adding organic waste,biochar and acid-base materials.It is pointed out that the chemical composition,physical and chemical characteristics and resource cost of tailings should also be considered in the soil utilization of tailings.It is indicated that the resource utilization of tailings based on low concentration of heavy metals is an effective method to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of tailings and the scale of harmless treatment.Thus,the realization of soil utilization is an effective way to solve the problems of large accumulation of tailings,strong persistent pollution and low utilization rate of organic solid waste.It is of great significance to strengthen pollution prevention and green mine construction,continuously improve environmental quality and adhere to sustainable development.

关 键 词：尾矿 重金属 资源化利用 土壤化 去除技术 污染防治 绿色矿山 无害化处理 

分 类 号：X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53