论左翼民粹主义的策略及其不可能性--兼论尚塔尔·墨菲的《写给左翼民粹主义》  

The Strategy and Impossibility of Left-wing Populism:On Chantal Mouffe's For a Left Populism

作　　者：孔明安 刘子飞 Kong Ming’an;Liu Zifei

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,300350

出　　处：《国外社会科学》2022年第1期65-73,197,共10页Social Sciences Abroad

摘　　要：后马克思主义理论家墨菲认为当前世界已经走向了以新自由主义为主导的“后”政治时代,造成了民主失实与右翼民粹主义盛行的局势。在《写给左翼民粹主义》一书中,她规划了一套左翼民粹主义方案,旨在为左翼政党争夺政治话语权。墨菲的左翼民粹主义策略虽然看起来颇具诱惑性,却并不具备很大的可能性和现实性。一方面,民粹主义自身内含着某种“暴力性”的倾向,反而有可能引发更大的混乱,导致非民主的结果;另一方面,与右翼民粹主义相比,墨菲的左翼民粹主义策略仅仅围绕着政治话语权而运作,摒弃了马克思阶级斗争理论而代之以“人民”“对抗”策略。因此,民粹主义作为一种策略虽然易于发动底层民众反对资本主义体制本身,但它无法从根本上推翻资本主义制度。Post-Marxist theorist Chantal Mouffe believes that the current world politics has moved towards a postpolitical era.In this political pattern,democracy has become the discourse of the elite rather than the people.This pattern is accompanied by the rise of populism around the world,in which right-wing populism is more powerful.In the face of this situation of unrealistic democracy and the prevalence of right-wing populism,Mouffe has planned a set of left-wing populist schemes for Western left-wing political parties in his latest book,For a Left Populism,which aims to reconstruct the people’s camp by dividing political boundaries,distinguishes the boundaries between“us”and“them”to speak for the people at the bottom,and strives for the political voice for the left-wing political parties.Although Mouffe’s left-wing populist strategy seems reasonable and realistic to some extent,it indicates the impossibility of her left-wing“radical strategy”from the starting point.The main causes are:on the one hand,populism itself,including left-wing and right-wing populism,is non-democratic and non-Marxist.Compared with the ultra-conservative right-wing populism,Mouffe’s left-wing populism inherits the hegemony theory of the post-Marxist Laclau.It abandons the Marxist class struggle theory and replaces it with the“antagonism”strategy of the new social movement.On the other hand,although populism as a strategy is easy to mobilize the bottom people to oppose the capitalist system itself,it can not fundamentally overthrow the capitalist system.

关 键 词：“后”政治 左翼民粹主义 政治话语权 墨菲 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]