中西方国家治理逻辑的分析与比较--兼论西方国家治理困境的成因与镜鉴  

A Comparative Study of State Governance Logics in China and Western Countries:Causes and Lessons of the State Governance Dilemma in Western Countries

作　　者：卜永光 Bu Yongguang

机构地区：[1]浙江省委党校政治学教研部,311121

出　　处：《国外社会科学》2022年第1期74-92,197,198,共21页Social Sciences Abroad

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“欧洲政治极化对中欧合作的影响研究”(19BGJ047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于不同的历史传统、文化基因与当代社会制度,中西方在国家治理若干基本逻辑方面呈现出鲜明对比。在资本主义制度下,资本逻辑、市场逻辑、选票逻辑和对抗逻辑主导着西方国家治理;社会主义制度下的中国则呈现出民本逻辑、国家逻辑、选贤逻辑和协商逻辑交织而成的治理取向。在各自国家治理传统与基本逻辑的交互作用下,西方国家治理的总体性逻辑表现为“二元对立结构中的制衡与分治”,而中国国家治理的总体性逻辑可以概括为“一体多元结构中的协商与共治”。当前,西方国家治理普遍遭遇系统性困境,这是其固有的国家治理逻辑在新环境中演进失衡的结果,其根源可以追溯至新自由主义和治理理论兴起等因素造成的“国家缺位”问题。在西方国家治理陷入系统性困境的背景下,现代治理理论出现了明显的“国家转向”。我国应以西方困境为镜鉴,立足于发扬国家治理的中国逻辑,致力于构建彰显自身特色与优势的现代国家治理体系。这一进程也有助于推动形成超越西方治理理论、更具世界性意义的现代治理理论。The differences between China and the Western countries in terms of historical and cultural traditions and contemporary social systems create a sharp contrast in their basic logic of state governance.Under the capitalist system,capital-centric logic,market-centric logic,election first logic,and confrontation logic dominate the state governance of the West;under the socialist system,the state governance in China is characterized by the logic of people-centered,powerful state,democratic election,and democratic consultation.The overarching logic of Western state governance is expressed as“‘checks and balances’combined with ‘divide and rule’ in a binary opposition structure”,while the overall logic of state governance in China can be summarized as “consultation and co-governance in a unified and pluralistic structure”.At present,the Western countries are generally caught in a systemic dilemma in the field of state governance.This results from the failure of western state governance logic in the new environment.The root cause of this failure can be traced back to the“absence of the state”,which is caused by the rise of neoliberalism and governance theory.In the context of the systemic state governance dilemma is sweeping the West,the modern governance theory has seen an obvious“State turn”。What is happening in the West provides a mirror for China.China should be committed to developing Chinese logic of state governance and building a modern state governance system that highlights its own characteristics and advantages.This process will also help promoting the formation of a modern governance theory that transcends Western governance theory and has more global significance.

关 键 词：国家治理 治理理论 新自由主义 国家权威 西方国家 

分 类 号：D08[政治法律—政治学]