危险化学品公路运输事故致因分析及安全管理对策  

Analysis on Causes of Accidents in Hazardous Chemicals Road Transport and Safety Management Countermeasures

作　　者：王旭磊[1] 孙春薇[2] WANG Xu-lei;SUN Chun-wei(School of Management,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao Shandong 266109,China;School of Science and Information,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao Shandong 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学管理学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学理学与信息学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2022年第1期167-174,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(16YJC630127);青岛农业大学高层次人才科研基金项目(1112337)。

摘　　要：危险化学品公路运输事故致因分析能够发现运输过程中的安全薄弱环节,降低事故发生率。从系统安全的角度出发,基于复杂网络理论,运用决策试验、评价实验室方法及解释结构模型分析法建立了危险化学品公路运输事故致因复杂网络模型,分析其网络特征,确定了危险化学品公路运输事故致因因素之间的相互关系与重要性。结果表明:操作失误、安全意识不足、危险化学品包装及装卸失误、企业管理及政府部门监管是危险化学品公路运输事故中的重要致因;危险化学品公路运输事故致因模型具有小世界网络特性,事故影响因素间相互作用广泛,传播速度极快;危险化学品公路运输事故影响因素可分为直接影响因素、间接影响因素和深层影响因素3个层次。基于上述发现给出降低危化品公路运输事故发生率的具体建议措施:危化品运输企业和监管部门应加强对操作失误、安全意识不足、危险化学品包装及装卸失误、企业管理及政府部门监管这些影响因素的监管和控制;注重对事故影响因素的平时检查和日常监督,尽早发现处理事故隐患;对于事故直接影响因素应全面重点关注,强调运输过程中的全面实时监管;对于中间层和深层影响因素要注重平时的监督和整改,尽量避免其故障影响的存在和传播。Causation analysis of road transport accidents of hazardous chemicals can find weak links in the transport process and reduce the incidence of accidents.From the perspective of system safety,based on complex network theory,comprehensively using decision-making test,evaluation laboratory method and interpretation structure model analysis,a complex network model of the cause of hazardous chemical road transport accidents is constructed.The interrelationship and importance of the causes of road transport accidents is determined by analyzing the network characteristics.The result shows that(1)operating errors,insufficient safety awareness,packaging and loading and unloading errors of hazardous chemicals,business management and government supervision are important causes of road transport accidents of hazardous chemicals;(2)the causal model of hazardous chemicals road transport accidents has the characteristics of small-world network,the interaction among the influencing factors of accidents is extensive,and the propagation speed of the influence is extremely fast;(3)the factors of hazardous chemicals road transport accidents can be divided into 3 levels:direct influencing factors,indirect influencing factors and deep influencing factors.Based on the above findings,the measures to reduce the incidence of road transport accidents of hazardous chemicals are suggested:(1)hazardous chemicals transport companies and regulatory agencies should strengthen the supervision and control of the influencing factors such as operational errors,insufficient safety awareness,packaging and loading and unloading of hazardous chemicals,business management and government supervision;(2)pay attention to the usual inspection and daily supervision of the factors affecting the accident,discover and deal with the hidden dangers of the accident as soon as possible;(3)the direct impact of the accident should be fully focused on,emphasizing comprehensive real-time supervision during transport;(4)for the intermediate and deep influencing factors,t

关 键 词：运输经济 复杂网络 致因分析 危险化学品 

分 类 号：U492.336.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]