飞行员头戴装备视野测量与评价  

Measurement and Evaluation of the Visual Field for Pilot Head-mounted Equipment

作　　者：刘何庆 吴明磊 赵彦鹏 卜伟平 张慕哲 姜媛媛 周海亮 LIU He-qing;WU Ming-lei;ZHAO Yan-peng;BU Wei-ping;ZHANG Mu-zhe;JIANG Yuan-yuan;ZHOU Hai-liang(Air Force Medical Centre,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心,北京100142

出　　处：《人类工效学》2021年第6期11-15,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的针对飞行员头盔、供氧与防化面罩、视觉增强与防护等飞行员头戴装备的高度集成发展,迫切需要对其视野要进行测量和评价,为飞行员头戴装备的设计使用提供依据。方法研制了一台大口径视野测量系统,建立了视野测量方法,并对一组新型的头戴装备进行了测量。视野测量系统主体结构为四分之三球形穹窿,内径2 m。球窿内经纬线交点处安装发光二极管505个。通过计算机分区控制发光二极管随机发光,发光时长、时间间隔、亮度可控可调。由两只激光器确定受试者眼位,眼位位于球窿中心。下颌托使头部保持不动。受试者利用手持应答器对所见光点进行应答,由计算机显示记录视野范围和计算视野边界。结果测量了20名志愿受试者头不动、眼动、双目观察时,裸眼、佩戴头盔、头盔+供氧面罩、头盔+供氧面罩+夜视镜时的视野,获得了视野分布空间;以相关标准和作战使用需求为依据,对一组新型的飞行员头戴装备进行评价。结论本研究建立了飞行员头戴装备视野测量条件和方法,对一组新型的飞行员头戴装备视野进行测量和评价,为飞行员头戴装备的设计使用提供了依据,为制订(修订)飞行员头戴装备视野标准和测量方法奠定了基础。Objective In respect of the highly integrated development of helmet,oxygen mask,chemical defense mask,visual enhancement and protection devices,it is urgent to measure and evaluate their visual field,therefore,providing scientific basis for the design and use of pilot headmounted equipment.Methods A large aperture visual field measurement system was developed,and a visual field measurement method was established.Then a group of new-style pilot head-mounted equipment were measured.The main structure of the visual field measurement system was a three-quarter spherical dome with an inner diameter of 2m.505 light-emitting diodes(LEDs)were installed at the intersection of longitude and latitude lines in the dome.LEDs On/Off in each zone were controlled randomly by computer.And the duration,interval and brightness of the LEDs were controllable and adjustable.The eye position of the subject was in the center of the dome determined by two laser devices.The head of the subject kept still with the help of a lower jaw holder.The subjects responded to the lights with a hand-held responder.Meanwhile,the scope and boundary of the visual field were recorded and calculated by computers.Results The visual fields of 20 subjects were measured when their head was still,eyes were moving and focusing on observation.Spatial distribution of the visual field was obtained in different conditions including eyes without any equipment,with helmet,helmet and oxyen mask,helmet,and oxyen mask and night vision goggles(NVG).Then a group of new-style pilot head-mounted equipment were evaluated based on relevant standards and fight operation requirments.Conclusion Measurement conditions and methods of the visual field for pilot head-mounted equipment were established.Measurement and evaluation of new-style pilot head-mounted equipment were condcuted.The results provided database for the design and use of pilot head-mounted equipment.It also laid the foundation for formulating(or revising)the standard and measurement method of the visual field for p

关 键 词：航空医学工程 产品设计 人机交互 飞行员 头戴装备 视野 头盔 供氧面罩 夜视镜 可用性 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R857.1[医药卫生—临床医学]